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<h1 class="title">AntUnit</h1>
<h3 class="section">
<a name="AntUnit 1.0"></a>
AntUnit 1.0
</h3>
<h3>January 8, 2007 - Apache AntUnit 1.0 Available</h3>
<p>Apache AntUnit 1.0 is now available for download as <a href="http://ant.apache.org/antlibs/bindownload.cgi">binary</a>
or <a href="http://ant.apache.org/antlibs/srcdownload.cgi">source</a>
release.</p>
<h3 class="section">
<a name="Idea"></a>
Idea
</h3>
<p>Initially all tests for Ant tasks were written as individual
<a href="http://www.junit.org/">JUnit</a> test cases. Pretty
soon it was clear that most tests needed to perform common tasks
like reading a build file, initializing a project instance with
it and executing a target. At this point <a href="http://svn.apache.org/viewcvs.cgi/ant/core/trunk/src/testcases/org/apache/tools/ant/BuildFileTest.java">BuildFileTest</a>
was invented, a base class for almost all task test cases.</p>
<p>BuildFileTest works fine and in fact has been picked up by <a href="http://ant-contrib.sf.net/">the Ant-Contrib Project</a>
and others as well.</p>
<p>Over time a new pattern evolved, more and more tests only
executed a target and didn't check any effects. Instead that
target contained the assertions as a <code><fail></code>
task. This is an example taken from the build file for the
ANTLR task (using Ant 1.7 features):</p>
<pre class="code">
<target name="test3" depends="setup">
<antlr target="antlr.g" outputdirectory="${tmp.dir}"/>
<fail>
<condition>
<!-- to prove each of these files exists;
ANTLR >= 2.7.6 leaves behind new (.smap) files as well. -->
<resourcecount when="ne" count="5">
<fileset dir="${tmp.dir}">
<include name="CalcParserTokenTypes.txt" />
<include name="CalcParserTokenTypes.java" />
<include name="CalcLexer.java" />
<include name="CalcParser.java" />
<include name="CalcTreeWalker.java" />
</fileset>
</resourcecount>
</condition>
</fail>
</target>
</pre>
<p>where the corresponding JUnit testcase has been reduced
to</p>
<pre class="code">
...
public class ANTLRTest extends BuildFileTest {
private final static String TASKDEFS_DIR = "src/etc/testcases/taskdefs/optional/antlr/";
public ANTLRTest(String name) {
super(name);
}
public void setUp() {
configureProject(TASKDEFS_DIR + "antlr.xml");
}
public void tearDown() {
executeTarget("cleanup");
}
public void test3() {
executeTarget("test3");
}
...
}
</pre>
<p>This approach has a couple of advantages, one of them is that
it is very easy to translate an example build file from a bug
report into a test case. If you ask a user for a testcase for a
given bug in Ant, he now doesn't need to understand JUnit or how
to fit a test into Ant's existing tests any more.</p>
<p>AntUnit takes this approach to testing even further, it
removes JUnit completely and it comes with a set of predefined
<code><assert></code> tasks in order to reuse common kind
of checks.</p>
<p>It turns out that AntUnit lends itself as a solution to other
problems as well. The assertions are an easy way to validate a
setup before even starting the build process, for example.
AntUnit could also be used for functional and integration tests
outside of the scope of Ant tasks (assert contents of databases
after running an application, assert contents of HTTP responses
...). This is an area that will need more research.</p>
<h3 class="section">
<a name="Concepts"></a>
Concepts
</h3>
<h4 class="subsection">
<a name="antunit Task"></a>
antunit Task
</h4>
<p>The <antunit> task drives the tests much like
<junit> does for JUnit tests.</p>
<p>When called on a build file, the task will start a new Ant
project for that build file and scan for targets with names
that start with "test". For each such target it then will</p>
<ol>
<li>Execute the target named setUp, if there is one.</li>
<li>Execute the target itself - if this target depends on
other targets the normal Ant rules apply and the dependent
targets are executed first.</li>
<li>Execute the target names tearDown, if there is one.</li>
</ol>
<h4 class="subsection">
<a name="Assertions"></a>
Assertions
</h4>
<p>The base task is <code><assertTrue></code>. It
accepts a single nested condition and throws a subclass of
BuildException named AssertionFailedException if that
condition evaluates to false.</p>
<p>This task could have been implemented using
<code><macrodef></code> and <code><fail></code>,
but in fact it is a "real" task so that it is possible to
throw a subclass of BuildException. The
<code><antunit></code> task catches this exception and
marks the target as failed, any other type of Exception
(including other BuildException) are test errors.</p>
<p>Together with <code><assertTrue></code> there are
many predefined assertions for common conditions, most of
these are only macros.</p>
<h4 class="subsection">
<a name="Other Tasks"></a>
Other Tasks
</h4>
<p>The <code><logcapturer></code> captures all messages
that pass Ant's logging system and provides them via a
reference inside of the project. If you want to assert
certain log messages, you need to start this task (prior to
your target under test) and use the
<code><assertLogContains></code> assertion.</p>
<p><code><expectFailure></code> is a task container that
catches any BuildException thrown by tasks nested into it. If
no exception has been thrown it will cause a test failure (by
throwing an AssertionFailedException).</p>
<h4 class="subsection">
<a name="AntUnitListener"></a>
AntUnitListener
</h4>
<p>Part of the library is the <code>AntUnitListener</code>
interface that can be used to record test results. The
<antunit> task accepts arbitrary many listeners and
relays test results to them.</p>
<p>Currently two implementations -
<code><plainlistener></code> and <code>xmllistener</code>
modelled after the "plain" and "xml"
JUnit listeners - are bundled with the library.</p>
<h3 class="section">
<a name="Examples"></a>
Examples
</h3>
<p>This is a way to test that <code><touch></code>
actually creates a file if it doesn't exist:</p>
<pre class="code">
<project xmlns:au="antlib:org.apache.ant.antunit">
<!-- is called prior to the test -->
<target name="setUp">
<property name="foo" value="foo"/>
</target>
<!-- is called after the test, even if that caused an error -->
<target name="tearDown">
<delete file="${foo}" quiet="true"/>
</target>
<!-- the actual test case -->
<target name="testTouchCreatesFile">
<au:assertFileDoesntExist file="${foo}"/>
<touch file="${foo}"/>
<au:assertFileExists file="${foo}"/>
</target>
</project>
</pre>
<p>When running a task like</p>
<pre class="code">
<au:antunit>
<fileset dir="." includes="touch.xml"/>
<au:plainlistener/>
</au:antunit>
</pre>
<p>from a buildfile of its own you'll get a result that looks like</p>
<pre class="code">
[au:antunit] Build File: /tmp/touch.xml
[au:antunit] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Time elapsed: 0.249 sec
[au:antunit] Target: testTouchCreatesFile took 0.183 sec
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second
</pre>
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