Sophie: php-manual-ro-0:20051028-1 noarch

php-manual-ro-20051028-1.noarch.rpm

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>Manual PHP</TH
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><A
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>Înapoi</A
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><DIV
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><H1
><A
NAME="faq.html"
>Cap. 53. PHP and HTML</A
></H1
><P
>&#13;   PHP and HTML interact a lot: PHP can generate HTML, and HTML
   can pass information to PHP.  Before reading these faqs, it's
   important you learn how to <A
HREF="language.variables.external.html"
>&#13;   retrieve variables from outside of PHP</A
>.  The manual page on
   this topic includes many examples as well.  Pay close attention to
   what <VAR
CLASS="literal"
>register_globals</VAR
> means to you too.
  </P
><DIV
CLASS="qandaset"
><DL
><DT
>1. <A
HREF="faq.html.html#faq.html.encoding"
>&#13;      What encoding/decoding do I need when I pass a value through a form/URL?
     </A
></DT
><DT
>2. <A
HREF="faq.html.html#faq.html.form-image"
>&#13;      I'm trying to use an &#60;input type="image"&#62; tag, but 
      the <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$foo.x</VAR
> and <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$foo.y</VAR
> variables
      aren't available.  <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$_GET['foo.x']</VAR
> isn't existing
      either.  Where are they?  
     </A
></DT
><DT
>3. <A
HREF="faq.html.html#faq.html.arrays"
>How do I create arrays in a HTML &#60;form&#62;?</A
></DT
><DT
>4. <A
HREF="faq.html.html#faq.html.select-multiple"
>&#13;      How do I get all the results from a select multiple HTML tag?
     </A
></DT
><DT
>5. <A
HREF="faq.html.html#faq.html.javascript-variable"
>&#13;      How can I pass a variable from Javascript to PHP?
     </A
></DT
></DL
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><B
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq.html.encoding"
></A
><B
>1. </B
>
      What encoding/decoding do I need when I pass a value through a form/URL?
     </P
></DIV
></B
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
      There are several stages for which encoding is important. Assuming that
      you have a <A
HREF="language.types.string.html"
><B
CLASS="type"
>string</B
></A
> <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$data</VAR
>, which contains
      the string you want to pass on in a non-encoded way, these are the
      relevant stages:
      <P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>&#13;         HTML interpretation. In order to specify a random string, you
         <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>must</I
></SPAN
> include it in double quotes, and 
         <A
HREF="function.htmlspecialchars.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>htmlspecialchars()</B
></A
> the whole value.
        </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>&#13;         URL: A URL consists of several parts. If you want your data to be
         interpreted as one item, you <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>must</I
></SPAN
> encode it with
         <A
HREF="function.urlencode.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>urlencode()</B
></A
>.
        </P
></LI
></UL
>
     </P
><P
>&#13;      <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN131660"
></A
><P
><B
>Exemplu 53-1. A hidden HTML form element</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#007700">echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"&lt;input type='hidden' value='" </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">htmlspecialchars</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$data</font><font color="#007700">) . </font><font color="#DD0000">"' /&gt;\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>Not&#227;: </B
>
        It is wrong to <A
HREF="function.urlencode.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>urlencode()</B
></A
>
        <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$data</VAR
>, because it's the browsers responsibility to
        <A
HREF="function.urlencode.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>urlencode()</B
></A
> the data. All popular browsers do that
        correctly. Note that this will happen regardless of the method (i.e.,
        GET or POST). You'll only notice this in case of GET request though,
        because POST requests are usually hidden.
       </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN131668"
></A
><P
><B
>Exemplu 53-2. Data to be edited by the user</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#007700">echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"&lt;textarea name='mydata'&gt;\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo </font><font color="#0000BB">htmlspecialchars</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$data</font><font color="#007700">).</font><font color="#DD0000">"\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"&lt;/textarea&gt;"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>Not&#227;: </B
>
        The data is shown in the browser as intended, because the browser will
        interpret the HTML escaped symbols.
       </P
><P
>&#13;        Upon submitting, either via GET or POST, the data will be urlencoded
        by the browser for transferring, and directly urldecoded by PHP. So in
        the end, you don't need to do any urlencoding/urldecoding yourself,
        everything is handled automagically.
       </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      <TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="AEN131674"
></A
><P
><B
>Exemplu 53-3. In a URL</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#007700">echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"&lt;a href='" </font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">htmlspecialchars</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#DD0000">"/nextpage.php?stage=23&amp;data=" </font><font color="#007700">.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000BB">urlencode</font><font color="#007700">(</font><font color="#0000BB">$data</font><font color="#007700">)) . </font><font color="#DD0000">"'&gt;\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>Not&#227;: </B
>
        In fact you are faking a HTML GET request, therefore it's necessary to
        manually <A
HREF="function.urlencode.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>urlencode()</B
></A
> the data.
       </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>Not&#227;: </B
>
        You need to <A
HREF="function.htmlspecialchars.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>htmlspecialchars()</B
></A
> the whole URL, because the
        URL occurs as value of an HTML-attribute. In this case, the browser
        will first un-<A
HREF="function.htmlspecialchars.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>htmlspecialchars()</B
></A
> the value, and then pass
        the URL on. PHP will understand the URL correctly, because you
        <B
CLASS="function"
>urlencoded()</B
> the data.
       </P
><P
>&#13;        You'll notice that the <VAR
CLASS="literal"
>&#38;</VAR
> in the URL is replaced
        by <VAR
CLASS="literal"
>&#38;amp;</VAR
>. Although most browsers will recover
        if you forget this, this isn't always possible. So even if your URL is
        not dynamic, you <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="emphasis"
>need</I
></SPAN
> to
        <A
HREF="function.htmlspecialchars.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>htmlspecialchars()</B
></A
> the URL.
       </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
     </P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><B
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq.html.form-image"
></A
><B
>2. </B
>
      I'm trying to use an &#60;input type="image"&#62; tag, but 
      the <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$foo.x</VAR
> and <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$foo.y</VAR
> variables
      aren't available.  <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$_GET['foo.x']</VAR
> isn't existing
      either.  Where are they?  
     </P
></DIV
></B
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
      When submitting a form, it is possible to use an image instead of
      the standard submit button with a tag like:
      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="html"
>&#60;input type="image" src="image.gif" name="foo" /&#62;</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      When the user clicks somewhere on the image, the accompanying form
      will be transmitted to the server with two additional variables:
      <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>foo.x</VAR
> and <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>foo.y</VAR
>.
     </P
><P
>&#13;      Because <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>foo.x</VAR
> and <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>foo.y</VAR
> would
      make invalid variable names in PHP, they are automagically converted to
      <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>foo_x</VAR
> and <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>foo_y</VAR
>. That is, the
      periods are replaced with underscores.  So, you'd access these variables
      like any other described within the section on retrieving 
      <A
HREF="language.variables.external.html"
>variables from outside of 
      PHP</A
>.  For example, <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$_GET['foo_x']</VAR
>.
     </P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><B
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq.html.arrays"
></A
><B
>3. </B
>How do I create arrays in a HTML &#60;form&#62;?</P
></DIV
></B
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
      To get your &#60;form&#62; result sent as an 
      <A
HREF="language.types.array.html"
>array</A
> to your PHP script
      you name the &#60;input&#62;, &#60;select&#62; or &#60;textarea&#62;
      elements like this:
      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="html"
>&#60;input name="MyArray[]" /&#62;
&#60;input name="MyArray[]" /&#62;
&#60;input name="MyArray[]" /&#62;
&#60;input name="MyArray[]" /&#62;</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      Notice the square brackets after the variable name, that's what
      makes it an array. You can group the elements into different arrays
      by assigning the same name to different elements:
      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="html"
>&#60;input name="MyArray[]" /&#62;
&#60;input name="MyArray[]" /&#62;
&#60;input name="MyOtherArray[]" /&#62;
&#60;input name="MyOtherArray[]" /&#62;</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      This produces two arrays, MyArray and MyOtherArray, that gets sent
      to the PHP script.  It's also possible to assign specific keys
      to your arrays:
      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="html"
>&#60;input name="AnotherArray[]" /&#62;
&#60;input name="AnotherArray[]" /&#62;
&#60;input name="AnotherArray[email]" /&#62;
&#60;input name="AnotherArray[phone]" /&#62;</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      The AnotherArray array will now contain the keys 0, 1, email and phone.
      </P
><P
>&#13;       <DIV
CLASS="note"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="note"
><P
><B
>Not&#227;: </B
>
	 Specifying an arrays key is optional in HTML.  If you do not specify
	 the keys, the array gets filled in the order the elements appear in
	 the form.  Our first example will contain keys 0, 1, 2 and 3.
        </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
>
      </P
><P
>&#13;      See also
      <A
HREF="ref.array.html"
>Array Functions</A
> and
      <A
HREF="language.variables.external.html"
>Variables from outside PHP</A
>.
     </P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><B
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq.html.select-multiple"
></A
><B
>4. </B
>
      How do I get all the results from a select multiple HTML tag?
     </P
></DIV
></B
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
      The select multiple tag in an HTML construct allows users to
      select multiple items from a list. These items are then passed
      to the action handler for the form. The problem is that they
      are all passed with the same widget name. I.e.
      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="html"
>&#60;select name="var" multiple="yes"&#62;</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      Each selected option will arrive at the action handler as:
      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>var=option1
var=option2
var=option3</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      Each option will overwrite the contents of the previous
      <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$var</VAR
> variable. The solution is to use
      PHP's "array from form element" feature. The following
      should be used:
      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="html"
>&#60;select name="var[]" multiple="yes"&#62;</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
      This tells PHP to treat <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$var</VAR
> as an array and
      each assignment of a value to var[] adds an item to the array.
      The first item becomes <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$var[0]</VAR
>, the next
      <VAR
CLASS="varname"
>$var[1]</VAR
>, etc. The <A
HREF="function.count.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>count()</B
></A
>
      function can be used to determine how many options were selected,
      and the <A
HREF="function.sort.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>sort()</B
></A
> function can be used to sort
      the option array if necessary.
     </P
><P
>&#13;      Note that if you are using JavaScript the <VAR
CLASS="literal"
>[]</VAR
>
      on the element name might cause you problems when you try to
      refer to the element by name. Use it's numerical form element
      ID instead, or enclose the variable name in single quotes and
      use that as the index to the elements array, for example:
      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>variable = documents.forms[0].elements['var[]'];</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
     </P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><B
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq.html.javascript-variable"
></A
><B
>5. </B
>
      How can I pass a variable from Javascript to PHP?
     </P
></DIV
></B
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
      Since Javascript is (usually) a client-side technology, and
      PHP is (usually) a server-side technology, and since HTTP is a
      "stateless" protocol, the two languages cannot directly share
      variables.
     </P
><P
>&#13;      It is, however, possible to pass variables between the two.
      One way of accomplishing this is to generate Javascript code
      with PHP, and have the browser refresh itself, passing specific
      variables back to the PHP script. The example below shows
      precisely how to do this -- it allows PHP code to capture screen
      height and width, something that is normally only possible on
      the client side.
     </P
><P
>&#13;      <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
CELLPADDING="5"
><TR
><TD
><code><font color="#000000">
<font color="#0000BB">&lt;?php<br /></font><font color="#007700">if (isset(</font><font color="#0000BB">$_GET</font><font color="#007700">[</font><font color="#DD0000">'width'</font><font color="#007700">]) AND isset(</font><font color="#0000BB">$_GET</font><font color="#007700">[</font><font color="#DD0000">'height'</font><font color="#007700">])) {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#FF8000">// output the geometry variables<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#007700">echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"Screen width is: "</font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$_GET</font><font color="#007700">[</font><font color="#DD0000">'width'</font><font color="#007700">] .</font><font color="#DD0000">"&lt;br /&gt;\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"Screen height is: "</font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#0000BB">$_GET</font><font color="#007700">[</font><font color="#DD0000">'height'</font><font color="#007700">] .</font><font color="#DD0000">"&lt;br /&gt;\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br />} else {<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#FF8000">// pass the geometry variables<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;// (preserve the original query string<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;//&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-- post variables will need to handled differently)<br /><br />&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#007700">echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"&lt;script language='javascript'&gt;\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"&nbsp;&nbsp;location.href=</font><font color="#007700">\"${</font><font color="#DD0000">_SERVER</font><font color="#007700">[</font><font color="#DD0000">'SCRIPT_NAME'</font><font color="#007700">]}</font><font color="#DD0000">?</font><font color="#007700">${</font><font color="#DD0000">_SERVER</font><font color="#007700">[</font><font color="#DD0000">'QUERY_STRING'</font><font color="#007700">]}</font><font color="#DD0000">"<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#007700">. </font><font color="#DD0000">"&amp;width=\" + screen.width + \"&amp;height=\" + screen.height;\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;echo </font><font color="#DD0000">"&lt;/script&gt;\n"</font><font color="#007700">;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;exit();<br />}<br /></font><font color="#0000BB">?&gt;</font>
</font>
</code></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
     </P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
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><HR
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