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><H1
><A
NAME="function.fopen"
>fopen</A
></H1
><DIV
CLASS="refnamediv"
><A
NAME="AEN8781"
></A
>fopen -- Open file or URL</DIV
><DIV
CLASS="refsect1"
><A
NAME="AEN8784"
></A
><H2
>Description</H2
><DIV
CLASS="funcsynopsis"
><P
></P
><CODE
CLASS="FUNCDEF"
>int fopen</CODE
>(string filename, string mode, int
[<SPAN
CLASS="optional"
>use_include_path</SPAN
>]
);<P
></P
></DIV
><P
> If <TT
CLASS="parameter"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
> begins with "http://" (not
case sensitive), an HTTP 1.0 connection is opened to the
specified server and a file pointer is returned to the beginning
of the text of the response.
</P
><P
> Does not handle HTTP redirects, so you must include trailing
slashes on directories.
</P
><P
> If <TT
CLASS="parameter"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
> begins with "ftp://" (not case
sensitive), an ftp connection to the specified server is opened
and a pointer to the requested file is returned. If the server
does not support passive mode ftp, this will fail. You can open
files for either reading and writing via ftp (but not both
simultaneously).
</P
><P
> If <TT
CLASS="parameter"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
> is one of "php://stdin",
"php://stdout", or "php://stderr", the corresponding stdio
stream will be opened. (This was introduced in PHP 3.0.13;
in earlier versions, a filename such as "/dev/stdin" or
"/dev/fd/0" must be used to access the stdio streams.)
</P
><P
> If <TT
CLASS="parameter"
><I
>filename</I
></TT
> begins with anything else, the
file will be opened from the filesystem, and a file pointer to
the file opened is returned.
</P
><P
> If the open fails, the function returns false.
</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="parameter"
><I
>mode</I
></TT
> may be any of the following:
<P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> 'r' - Open for reading only; place the file pointer at the
beginning of the file.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 'r+' - Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at
the beginning of the file.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 'w' - Open for writing only; place the file pointer at the
beginning of the file and truncate the file to zero length.
If the file does not exist, attempt to create it.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 'w+' - Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at
the beginning of the file and truncate the file to zero
length. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 'a' - Open for writing only; place the file pointer at the end
of the file. If the file does not exist, attempt to create
it.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> 'a+' - Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at
the end of the file. If the file does not exist, attempt to
create it.
</P
></LI
></UL
>
As well, <TT
CLASS="parameter"
><I
>mode</I
></TT
> may contain the letter
'b'. This is useful only on systems which differentiate between
binary and text files (i.e., it's useless on Unix). If not
needed, this will be ignored.
</P
><P
> You can use the optional third parameter and set it to "1", if
you want to search for the file in the <A
HREF="configuration.html#ini.include-path"
>include_path</A
>, too.
</P
><P
> <TABLE
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CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><TR
><TD
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><P
><B
>Example 1. fopen() example</B
></P
><TABLE
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> 1
2 $fp = fopen("/home/rasmus/file.txt", "r");
3 $fp = fopen("http://www.php.net/", "r");
4 $fp = fopen("ftp://user:password@example.com/", "w");
5 </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
><P
> If you are experiencing problems with reading and writing to
files and you're using the server module version of PHP, remember
to make sure that the files and directories you're using are
accessible to the server process.
</P
><P
> On the Windows platform, be careful to escape any backslashes
used in the path to the file, or use forward slashes.
<DIV
CLASS="informalexample"
><P
></P
><TABLE
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><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> 1
2 $fp = fopen("c:\\data\\info.txt", "r");
3 </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
>
</P
><P
> See also <A
HREF="function.fclose.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>fclose()</B
></A
>,
<A
HREF="function.fsockopen.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>fsockopen()</B
></A
>, and <A
HREF="function.popen.html"
><B
CLASS="function"
>popen()</B
></A
>.
</P
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