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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Module: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">core.interactiveshell</span></tt></a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#classes">5 Classes</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#function">1 Function</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="module-IPython.core.interactiveshell">
<span id="module-core-interactiveshell"></span><h1>Module: <tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">core.interactiveshell</span></tt><a class="headerlink" href="#module-IPython.core.interactiveshell" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Main IPython class.</p>
<div class="section" id="classes">
<h2>5 Classes<a class="headerlink" href="#classes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.SpaceInInput">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">IPython.core.interactiveshell.</tt><tt class="descname">SpaceInInput</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.SpaceInInput" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/2/library/exceptions.html#exceptions.Exception" title="(in Python v2.7)"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">exceptions.Exception</span></tt></a></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.SeparateUnicode">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">IPython.core.interactiveshell.</tt><tt class="descname">SeparateUnicode</tt><big>(</big><em>default_value=<IPython.utils.traitlets.NoDefaultSpecified object at 0xf465492c></em>, <em>**metadata</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.SeparateUnicode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference internal" href="IPython.utils.traitlets.html#IPython.utils.traitlets.Unicode" title="IPython.utils.traitlets.Unicode"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">IPython.utils.traitlets.Unicode</span></tt></a></p>
<p>A Unicode subclass to validate separate_in, separate_out, etc.</p>
<p>This is a Unicode based trait that converts ‘0’->’’ and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'\\n'->'\n'</span></tt>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.ReadlineNoRecord">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">IPython.core.interactiveshell.</tt><tt class="descname">ReadlineNoRecord</tt><big>(</big><em>shell</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.ReadlineNoRecord" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#object" title="(in Python v2.7)"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">object</span></tt></a></p>
<p>Context manager to execute some code, then reload readline history
so that interactive input to the code doesn’t appear when pressing up.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.ReadlineNoRecord.__init__">
<tt class="descname">__init__</tt><big>(</big><em>shell</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.ReadlineNoRecord.__init__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.ReadlineNoRecord.get_readline_tail">
<tt class="descname">get_readline_tail</tt><big>(</big><em>n=10</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.ReadlineNoRecord.get_readline_tail" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get the last n items in readline history.</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">IPython.core.interactiveshell.</tt><tt class="descname">InteractiveShell</tt><big>(</big><em>ipython_dir=None</em>, <em>profile_dir=None</em>, <em>user_module=None</em>, <em>user_ns=None</em>, <em>custom_exceptions=(()</em>, <em>None)</em>, <em>**kwargs</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Bases: <a class="reference internal" href="IPython.config.configurable.html#IPython.config.configurable.SingletonConfigurable" title="IPython.config.configurable.SingletonConfigurable"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">IPython.config.configurable.SingletonConfigurable</span></tt></a></p>
<p>An enhanced, interactive shell for Python.</p>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.__init__">
<tt class="descname">__init__</tt><big>(</big><em>ipython_dir=None</em>, <em>profile_dir=None</em>, <em>user_module=None</em>, <em>user_ns=None</em>, <em>custom_exceptions=(()</em>, <em>None)</em>, <em>**kwargs</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.__init__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.all_ns_refs">
<tt class="descname">all_ns_refs</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.all_ns_refs" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get a list of references to all the namespace dictionaries in which
IPython might store a user-created object.</p>
<p>Note that this does not include the displayhook, which also caches
objects from the output.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.atexit_operations">
<tt class="descname">atexit_operations</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.atexit_operations" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>This will be executed at the time of exit.</p>
<p>Cleanup operations and saving of persistent data that is done
unconditionally by IPython should be performed here.</p>
<p>For things that may depend on startup flags or platform specifics (such
as having readline or not), register a separate atexit function in the
code that has the appropriate information, rather than trying to
clutter</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.auto_rewrite_input">
<tt class="descname">auto_rewrite_input</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.auto_rewrite_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Print to the screen the rewritten form of the user’s command.</p>
<p>This shows visual feedback by rewriting input lines that cause
automatic calling to kick in, like:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>/f x
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>into:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>------> f(x)
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>after the user’s input prompt. This helps the user understand that the
input line was transformed automatically by IPython.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.call_pdb">
<tt class="descname">call_pdb</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.call_pdb" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Control auto-activation of pdb at exceptions</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.clear_main_mod_cache">
<tt class="descname">clear_main_mod_cache</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.clear_main_mod_cache" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Clear the cache of main modules.</p>
<p>Mainly for use by utilities like %reset.</p>
<p class="rubric">Examples</p>
<p>In [15]: import IPython</p>
<p>In [16]: m = _ip.new_main_mod(IPython.__file__, ‘IPython’)</p>
<p>In [17]: len(_ip._main_mod_cache) > 0
Out[17]: True</p>
<p>In [18]: _ip.clear_main_mod_cache()</p>
<p>In [19]: len(_ip._main_mod_cache) == 0
Out[19]: True</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.complete">
<tt class="descname">complete</tt><big>(</big><em>text</em>, <em>line=None</em>, <em>cursor_pos=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.complete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the completed text and a list of completions.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>text</strong> : string</p>
<blockquote>
<div><blockquote>
<div><p>A string of text to be completed on. It can be given as empty and
instead a line/position pair are given. In this case, the
completer itself will split the line like readline does.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>line <span class="classifier-delimiter">:</span> <span class="classifier">string, optional</span></dt>
<dd><p class="first last">The complete line that text is part of.</p>
</dd>
<dt>cursor_pos <span class="classifier-delimiter">:</span> <span class="classifier">int, optional</span></dt>
<dd><p class="first last">The position of the cursor on the input line.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>text</strong> : string</p>
<blockquote>
<div><blockquote>
<div><p>The actual text that was completed.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>matches <span class="classifier-delimiter">:</span> <span class="classifier">list</span></dt>
<dd><p class="first last">A sorted list with all possible completions.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div></blockquote>
<p>The optional arguments allow the completion to take more context into</p>
<p>account, and are part of the low-level completion API.</p>
<p>This is a wrapper around the completion mechanism, similar to what</p>
<p>readline does at the command line when the TAB key is hit. By</p>
<p>exposing it as a method, it can be used by other non-readline</p>
<p>environments (such as GUIs) for text completion.</p>
<p>Simple usage example:</p>
<p>In [1]: x = ‘hello’</p>
<p>In [2]: _ip.complete(‘x.l’)</p>
<p class="last">Out[2]: (‘x.l’, [‘x.ljust’, ‘x.lower’, ‘x.lstrip’])</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.debugger">
<tt class="descname">debugger</tt><big>(</big><em>force=False</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.debugger" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Call the pydb/pdb debugger.</p>
<p>Keywords:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>force(False): by default, this routine checks the instance call_pdb
flag and does not actually invoke the debugger if the flag is false.
The ‘force’ option forces the debugger to activate even if the flag
is false.</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.define_macro">
<tt class="descname">define_macro</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em>, <em>themacro</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.define_macro" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Define a new macro</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>name</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The name of the macro.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>themacro</strong> : str or Macro</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>The action to do upon invoking the macro. If a string, a new
Macro object is created by passing the string to it.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.del_var">
<tt class="descname">del_var</tt><big>(</big><em>varname</em>, <em>by_name=False</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.del_var" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Delete a variable from the various namespaces, so that, as
far as possible, we’re not keeping any hidden references to it.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>varname</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The name of the variable to delete.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>by_name</strong> : bool</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>If True, delete variables with the given name in each
namespace. If False (default), find the variable in the user
namespace, and delete references to it.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.drop_by_id">
<tt class="descname">drop_by_id</tt><big>(</big><em>variables</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.drop_by_id" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Remove a dict of variables from the user namespace, if they are the
same as the values in the dictionary.</p>
<p>This is intended for use by extensions: variables that they’ve added can
be taken back out if they are unloaded, without removing any that the
user has overwritten.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>variables</strong> : dict</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>A dictionary mapping object names (as strings) to the objects.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.enable_matplotlib">
<tt class="descname">enable_matplotlib</tt><big>(</big><em>gui=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.enable_matplotlib" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Enable interactive matplotlib and inline figure support.</p>
<p>This takes the following steps:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>select the appropriate eventloop and matplotlib backend</li>
<li>set up matplotlib for interactive use with that backend</li>
<li>configure formatters for inline figure display</li>
<li>enable the selected gui eventloop</li>
</ol>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>gui</strong> : optional, string</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>If given, dictates the choice of matplotlib GUI backend to use
(should be one of IPython’s supported backends, ‘qt’, ‘osx’, ‘tk’,
‘gtk’, ‘wx’ or ‘inline’), otherwise we use the default chosen by
matplotlib (as dictated by the matplotlib build-time options plus the
user’s matplotlibrc configuration file). Note that not all backends
make sense in all contexts, for example a terminal ipython can’t
display figures inline.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.enable_pylab">
<tt class="descname">enable_pylab</tt><big>(</big><em>gui=None</em>, <em>import_all=True</em>, <em>welcome_message=False</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.enable_pylab" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Activate pylab support at runtime.</p>
<p>This turns on support for matplotlib, preloads into the interactive
namespace all of numpy and pylab, and configures IPython to correctly
interact with the GUI event loop. The GUI backend to be used can be
optionally selected with the optional <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gui</span></tt> argument.</p>
<p>This method only adds preloading the namespace to InteractiveShell.enable_matplotlib.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>gui</strong> : optional, string</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>If given, dictates the choice of matplotlib GUI backend to use
(should be one of IPython’s supported backends, ‘qt’, ‘osx’, ‘tk’,
‘gtk’, ‘wx’ or ‘inline’), otherwise we use the default chosen by
matplotlib (as dictated by the matplotlib build-time options plus the
user’s matplotlibrc configuration file). Note that not all backends
make sense in all contexts, for example a terminal ipython can’t
display figures inline.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>import_all</strong> : optional, bool, default: True</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Whether to do <cite>from numpy import *</cite> and <cite>from pylab import *</cite>
in addition to module imports.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>welcome_message</strong> : deprecated</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>This argument is ignored, no welcome message will be displayed.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.ev">
<tt class="descname">ev</tt><big>(</big><em>expr</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.ev" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate python expression expr in user namespace.</p>
<p>Returns the result of evaluation</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.ex">
<tt class="descname">ex</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.ex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Execute a normal python statement in user namespace.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.excepthook">
<tt class="descname">excepthook</tt><big>(</big><em>etype</em>, <em>value</em>, <em>tb</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.excepthook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>One more defense for GUI apps that call sys.excepthook.</p>
<p>GUI frameworks like wxPython trap exceptions and call
sys.excepthook themselves. I guess this is a feature that
enables them to keep running after exceptions that would
otherwise kill their mainloop. This is a bother for IPython
which excepts to catch all of the program exceptions with a try:
except: statement.</p>
<p>Normally, IPython sets sys.excepthook to a CrashHandler instance, so if
any app directly invokes sys.excepthook, it will look to the user like
IPython crashed. In order to work around this, we can disable the
CrashHandler and replace it with this excepthook instead, which prints a
regular traceback using our InteractiveTB. In this fashion, apps which
call sys.excepthook will generate a regular-looking exception from
IPython, and the CrashHandler will only be triggered by real IPython
crashes.</p>
<p>This hook should be used sparingly, only in places which are not likely
to be true IPython errors.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.extract_input_lines">
<tt class="descname">extract_input_lines</tt><big>(</big><em>range_str</em>, <em>raw=False</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.extract_input_lines" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return as a string a set of input history slices.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>range_str</strong> : string</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The set of slices is given as a string, like “~5/6-~4/2 4:8 9”,
since this function is for use by magic functions which get their
arguments as strings. The number before the / is the session
number: ~n goes n back from the current session.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>raw</strong> : bool, optional</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>By default, the processed input is used. If this is true, the raw
input history is used instead.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="rubric">Notes</p>
<p>Slices can be described with two notations:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">N:M</span></tt> -> standard python form, means including items N...(M-1).</li>
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">N-M</span></tt> -> include items N..M (closed endpoint).</li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.find_cell_magic">
<tt class="descname">find_cell_magic</tt><big>(</big><em>magic_name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.find_cell_magic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Find and return a cell magic by name.</p>
<p>Returns None if the magic isn’t found.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.find_line_magic">
<tt class="descname">find_line_magic</tt><big>(</big><em>magic_name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.find_line_magic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Find and return a line magic by name.</p>
<p>Returns None if the magic isn’t found.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.find_magic">
<tt class="descname">find_magic</tt><big>(</big><em>magic_name</em>, <em>magic_kind='line'</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.find_magic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Find and return a magic of the given type by name.</p>
<p>Returns None if the magic isn’t found.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.find_user_code">
<tt class="descname">find_user_code</tt><big>(</big><em>target</em>, <em>raw=True</em>, <em>py_only=False</em>, <em>skip_encoding_cookie=True</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.find_user_code" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get a code string from history, file, url, or a string or macro.</p>
<p>This is mainly used by magic functions.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>target</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>A string specifying code to retrieve. This will be tried respectively
as: ranges of input history (see %history for syntax), url,
correspnding .py file, filename, or an expression evaluating to a
string or Macro in the user namespace.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>raw</strong> : bool</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>If true (default), retrieve raw history. Has no effect on the other
retrieval mechanisms.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>py_only</strong> : bool (default False)</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Only try to fetch python code, do not try alternative methods to decode file
if unicode fails.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string of code.</p>
<p>ValueError is raised if nothing is found, and TypeError if it evaluates</p>
<p>to an object of another type. In each case, .args[0] is a printable</p>
<p class="last">message.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.get_ipython">
<tt class="descname">get_ipython</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.get_ipython" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the currently running IPython instance.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.getoutput">
<tt class="descname">getoutput</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em>, <em>split=True</em>, <em>depth=0</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.getoutput" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get output (possibly including stderr) from a subprocess.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>cmd</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Command to execute (can not end in ‘&’, as background processes are
not supported.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>split</strong> : bool, optional</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>If True, split the output into an IPython SList. Otherwise, an
IPython LSString is returned. These are objects similar to normal
lists and strings, with a few convenience attributes for easier
manipulation of line-based output. You can use ‘?’ on them for
details.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>depth</strong> : int, optional</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>How many frames above the caller are the local variables which should
be expanded in the command string? The default (0) assumes that the
expansion variables are in the stack frame calling this function.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_completer">
<tt class="descname">init_completer</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_completer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Initialize the completion machinery.</p>
<p>This creates completion machinery that can be used by client code,
either interactively in-process (typically triggered by the readline
library), programatically (such as in test suites) or out-of-prcess
(typically over the network by remote frontends).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_environment">
<tt class="descname">init_environment</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_environment" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Any changes we need to make to the user’s environment.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_history">
<tt class="descname">init_history</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_history" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Sets up the command history, and starts regular autosaves.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_latextool">
<tt class="descname">init_latextool</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_latextool" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Configure LaTeXTool.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_logstart">
<tt class="descname">init_logstart</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_logstart" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Initialize logging in case it was requested at the command line.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_readline">
<tt class="descname">init_readline</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_readline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Command history completion/saving/reloading.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_user_ns">
<tt class="descname">init_user_ns</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_user_ns" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Initialize all user-visible namespaces to their minimum defaults.</p>
<p>Certain history lists are also initialized here, as they effectively
act as user namespaces.</p>
<p class="rubric">Notes</p>
<p>All data structures here are only filled in, they are NOT reset by this
method. If they were not empty before, data will simply be added to
therm.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_virtualenv">
<tt class="descname">init_virtualenv</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.init_virtualenv" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Add a virtualenv to sys.path so the user can import modules from it.
This isn’t perfect: it doesn’t use the Python interpreter with which the
virtualenv was built, and it ignores the –no-site-packages option. A
warning will appear suggesting the user installs IPython in the
virtualenv, but for many cases, it probably works well enough.</p>
<p>Adapted from code snippets online.</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://blog.ufsoft.org/2009/1/29/ipython-and-virtualenv">http://blog.ufsoft.org/2009/1/29/ipython-and-virtualenv</a></p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.magic">
<tt class="descname">magic</tt><big>(</big><em>arg_s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.magic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>DEPRECATED. Use run_line_magic() instead.</p>
<p>Call a magic function by name.</p>
<p>Input: a string containing the name of the magic function to call and
any additional arguments to be passed to the magic.</p>
<p>magic(‘name -opt foo bar’) is equivalent to typing at the ipython
prompt:</p>
<p>In[1]: %name -opt foo bar</p>
<p>To call a magic without arguments, simply use magic(‘name’).</p>
<p>This provides a proper Python function to call IPython’s magics in any
valid Python code you can type at the interpreter, including loops and
compound statements.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.mktempfile">
<tt class="descname">mktempfile</tt><big>(</big><em>data=None</em>, <em>prefix='ipython_edit_'</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.mktempfile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Make a new tempfile and return its filename.</p>
<p>This makes a call to tempfile.mkstemp (created in a tempfile.mkdtemp),
but it registers the created filename internally so ipython cleans it up
at exit time.</p>
<p>Optional inputs:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>data(None): if data is given, it gets written out to the temp file
immediately, and the file is closed again.</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.new_main_mod">
<tt class="descname">new_main_mod</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em>, <em>modname</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.new_main_mod" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return a new ‘main’ module object for user code execution.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filename</span></tt> should be the path of the script which will be run in the
module. Requests with the same filename will get the same module, with
its namespace cleared.</p>
<p><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">modname</span></tt> should be the module name - normally either ‘__main__’ or
the basename of the file without the extension.</p>
<p>When scripts are executed via %run, we must keep a reference to their
__main__ module around so that Python doesn’t
clear it, rendering references to module globals useless.</p>
<p>This method keeps said reference in a private dict, keyed by the
absolute path of the script. This way, for multiple executions of the
same script we only keep one copy of the namespace (the last one),
thus preventing memory leaks from old references while allowing the
objects from the last execution to be accessible.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.pre_readline">
<tt class="descname">pre_readline</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.pre_readline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>readline hook to be used at the start of each line.</p>
<p>Currently it handles auto-indent only.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.prepare_user_module">
<tt class="descname">prepare_user_module</tt><big>(</big><em>user_module=None</em>, <em>user_ns=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.prepare_user_module" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Prepare the module and namespace in which user code will be run.</p>
<p>When IPython is started normally, both parameters are None: a new module
is created automatically, and its __dict__ used as the namespace.</p>
<p>If only user_module is provided, its __dict__ is used as the namespace.
If only user_ns is provided, a dummy module is created, and user_ns
becomes the global namespace. If both are provided (as they may be
when embedding), user_ns is the local namespace, and user_module
provides the global namespace.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>user_module</strong> : module, optional</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The current user module in which IPython is being run. If None,
a clean module will be created.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>user_ns</strong> : dict, optional</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>A namespace in which to run interactive commands.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">A tuple of user_module and user_ns, each properly initialised.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.push">
<tt class="descname">push</tt><big>(</big><em>variables</em>, <em>interactive=True</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.push" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Inject a group of variables into the IPython user namespace.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>variables</strong> : dict, str or list/tuple of str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The variables to inject into the user’s namespace. If a dict, a
simple update is done. If a str, the string is assumed to have
variable names separated by spaces. A list/tuple of str can also
be used to give the variable names. If just the variable names are
give (list/tuple/str) then the variable values looked up in the
callers frame.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>interactive</strong> : bool</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>If True (default), the variables will be listed with the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">who</span></tt>
magic.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.register_magic_function">
<tt class="descname">register_magic_function</tt><big>(</big><em>func</em>, <em>magic_kind='line'</em>, <em>magic_name=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.register_magic_function" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Expose a standalone function as magic function for IPython.</p>
<p>This will create an IPython magic (line, cell or both) from a
standalone function. The functions should have the following
signatures:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>For line magics: <cite>def f(line)</cite></li>
<li>For cell magics: <cite>def f(line, cell)</cite></li>
<li>For a function that does both: <cite>def f(line, cell=None)</cite></li>
</ul>
<p>In the latter case, the function will be called with <cite>cell==None</cite> when
invoked as <cite>%f</cite>, and with cell as a string when invoked as <cite>%%f</cite>.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>func</strong> : callable</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Function to be registered as a magic.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>magic_kind</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Kind of magic, one of ‘line’, ‘cell’ or ‘line_cell’</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>magic_name</strong> : optional str</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>If given, the name the magic will have in the IPython namespace. By
default, the name of the function itself is used.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.register_post_execute">
<tt class="descname">register_post_execute</tt><big>(</big><em>func</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.register_post_execute" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>DEPRECATED: Use ip.events.register(‘post_run_cell’, func)</p>
<p>Register a function for calling after code execution.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.reset">
<tt class="descname">reset</tt><big>(</big><em>new_session=True</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.reset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Clear all internal namespaces, and attempt to release references to
user objects.</p>
<p>If new_session is True, a new history session will be opened.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.reset_selective">
<tt class="descname">reset_selective</tt><big>(</big><em>regex=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.reset_selective" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Clear selective variables from internal namespaces based on a
specified regular expression.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>regex</strong> : string or compiled pattern, optional</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>A regular expression pattern that will be used in searching
variable names in the users namespaces.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.restore_sys_module_state">
<tt class="descname">restore_sys_module_state</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.restore_sys_module_state" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Restore the state of the sys module.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_ast_nodes">
<tt class="descname">run_ast_nodes</tt><big>(</big><em>nodelist</em>, <em>cell_name</em>, <em>interactivity='last_expr'</em>, <em>compiler=<built-in function compile></em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_ast_nodes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Run a sequence of AST nodes. The execution mode depends on the
interactivity parameter.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>nodelist</strong> : list</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>A sequence of AST nodes to run.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>cell_name</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Will be passed to the compiler as the filename of the cell. Typically
the value returned by ip.compile.cache(cell).</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>interactivity</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>‘all’, ‘last’, ‘last_expr’ or ‘none’, specifying which nodes should be
run interactively (displaying output from expressions). ‘last_expr’
will run the last node interactively only if it is an expression (i.e.
expressions in loops or other blocks are not displayed. Other values
for this parameter will raise a ValueError.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>compiler</strong> : callable</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>A function with the same interface as the built-in compile(), to turn
the AST nodes into code objects. Default is the built-in compile().</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_cell">
<tt class="descname">run_cell</tt><big>(</big><em>raw_cell</em>, <em>store_history=False</em>, <em>silent=False</em>, <em>shell_futures=True</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_cell" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Run a complete IPython cell.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>raw_cell</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The code (including IPython code such as %magic functions) to run.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>store_history</strong> : bool</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>If True, the raw and translated cell will be stored in IPython’s
history. For user code calling back into IPython’s machinery, this
should be set to False.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>silent</strong> : bool</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>If True, avoid side-effects, such as implicit displayhooks and
and logging. silent=True forces store_history=False.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>shell_futures</strong> : bool</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>If True, the code will share future statements with the interactive
shell. It will both be affected by previous __future__ imports, and
any __future__ imports in the code will affect the shell. If False,
__future__ imports are not shared in either direction.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_cell_magic">
<tt class="descname">run_cell_magic</tt><big>(</big><em>magic_name</em>, <em>line</em>, <em>cell</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_cell_magic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Execute the given cell magic.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>magic_name</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Name of the desired magic function, without ‘%’ prefix.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>line</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The rest of the first input line as a single string.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>cell</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>The body of the cell as a (possibly multiline) string.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_code">
<tt class="descname">run_code</tt><big>(</big><em>code_obj</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_code" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Execute a code object.</p>
<p>When an exception occurs, self.showtraceback() is called to display a
traceback.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>code_obj</strong> : code object</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>A compiled code object, to be executed</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>False</strong> : successful execution.</p>
<p class="last"><strong>True</strong> : an error occurred.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_line_magic">
<tt class="descname">run_line_magic</tt><big>(</big><em>magic_name</em>, <em>line</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.run_line_magic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Execute the given line magic.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>magic_name</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>Name of the desired magic function, without ‘%’ prefix.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>line</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>The rest of the input line as a single string.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.runcode">
<tt class="descname">runcode</tt><big>(</big><em>code_obj</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.runcode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Execute a code object.</p>
<p>When an exception occurs, self.showtraceback() is called to display a
traceback.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>code_obj</strong> : code object</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>A compiled code object, to be executed</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>False</strong> : successful execution.</p>
<p class="last"><strong>True</strong> : an error occurred.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.safe_execfile">
<tt class="descname">safe_execfile</tt><big>(</big><em>fname</em>, <em>*where</em>, <em>**kw</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.safe_execfile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A safe version of the builtin execfile().</p>
<p>This version will never throw an exception, but instead print
helpful error messages to the screen. This only works on pure
Python files with the .py extension.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>fname</strong> : string</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The name of the file to be executed.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>where</strong> : tuple</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>One or two namespaces, passed to execfile() as (globals,locals).
If only one is given, it is passed as both.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>exit_ignore</strong> : bool (False)</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>If True, then silence SystemExit for non-zero status (it is always
silenced for zero status, as it is so common).</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>raise_exceptions</strong> : bool (False)</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>If True raise exceptions everywhere. Meant for testing.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.safe_execfile_ipy">
<tt class="descname">safe_execfile_ipy</tt><big>(</big><em>fname</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.safe_execfile_ipy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Like safe_execfile, but for .ipy or .ipynb files with IPython syntax.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>fname</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>The name of the file to execute. The filename must have a
.ipy or .ipynb extension.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.safe_run_module">
<tt class="descname">safe_run_module</tt><big>(</big><em>mod_name</em>, <em>where</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.safe_run_module" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>A safe version of runpy.run_module().</p>
<p>This version will never throw an exception, but instead print
helpful error messages to the screen.</p>
<p><cite>SystemExit</cite> exceptions with status code 0 or None are ignored.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>mod_name</strong> : string</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The name of the module to be executed.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>where</strong> : dict</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>The globals namespace.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.save_sys_module_state">
<tt class="descname">save_sys_module_state</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.save_sys_module_state" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Save the state of hooks in the sys module.</p>
<p>This has to be called after self.user_module is created.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_autoindent">
<tt class="descname">set_autoindent</tt><big>(</big><em>value=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_autoindent" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the autoindent flag, checking for readline support.</p>
<p>If called with no arguments, it acts as a toggle.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_completer_frame">
<tt class="descname">set_completer_frame</tt><big>(</big><em>frame=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_completer_frame" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set the frame of the completer.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_custom_completer">
<tt class="descname">set_custom_completer</tt><big>(</big><em>completer</em>, <em>pos=0</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_custom_completer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Adds a new custom completer function.</p>
<p>The position argument (defaults to 0) is the index in the completers
list where you want the completer to be inserted.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_custom_exc">
<tt class="descname">set_custom_exc</tt><big>(</big><em>exc_tuple</em>, <em>handler</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_custom_exc" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Set a custom exception handler, which will be called if any of the
exceptions in exc_tuple occur in the mainloop (specifically, in the
run_code() method).</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>exc_tuple</strong> : tuple of exception classes</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>A <em>tuple</em> of exception classes, for which to call the defined
handler. It is very important that you use a tuple, and NOT A
LIST here, because of the way Python’s except statement works. If
you only want to trap a single exception, use a singleton tuple:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">exc_tuple</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">MyCustomException</span><span class="p">,)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>handler</strong> : callable</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>handler must have the following signature:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">my_handler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">etype</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tb</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tb_offset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">structured_traceback</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Your handler must return a structured traceback (a list of strings),
or None.</p>
<p>This will be made into an instance method (via types.MethodType)
of IPython itself, and it will be called if any of the exceptions
listed in the exc_tuple are caught. If the handler is None, an
internal basic one is used, which just prints basic info.</p>
<p>To protect IPython from crashes, if your handler ever raises an
exception or returns an invalid result, it will be immediately
disabled.</p>
</div></blockquote>
<p><strong>WARNING: by putting in your own exception handler into IPython’s main</strong></p>
<p><strong>execution loop, you run a very good chance of nasty crashes. This</strong></p>
<p class="last"><strong>facility should only be used if you really know what you are doing.</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_hook">
<tt class="descname">set_hook</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em>, <em>hook</em><big>)</big> → sets an internal IPython hook.<a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_hook" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>IPython exposes some of its internal API as user-modifiable hooks. By
adding your function to one of these hooks, you can modify IPython’s
behavior to call at runtime your own routines.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_next_input">
<tt class="descname">set_next_input</tt><big>(</big><em>s</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_next_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Sets the ‘default’ input string for the next command line.</p>
<p>Requires readline.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre>In [1]: _ip.set_next_input("Hello Word")
In [2]: Hello Word_ # cursor is here
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_readline_completer">
<tt class="descname">set_readline_completer</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.set_readline_completer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Reset readline’s completer to be our own.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.show_usage">
<tt class="descname">show_usage</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.show_usage" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Show a usage message</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.show_usage_error">
<tt class="descname">show_usage_error</tt><big>(</big><em>exc</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.show_usage_error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Show a short message for UsageErrors</p>
<p>These are special exceptions that shouldn’t show a traceback.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.showindentationerror">
<tt class="descname">showindentationerror</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.showindentationerror" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Called by run_cell when there’s an IndentationError in code entered
at the prompt.</p>
<p>This is overridden in TerminalInteractiveShell to show a message about
the %paste magic.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.showsyntaxerror">
<tt class="descname">showsyntaxerror</tt><big>(</big><em>filename=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.showsyntaxerror" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Display the syntax error that just occurred.</p>
<p>This doesn’t display a stack trace because there isn’t one.</p>
<p>If a filename is given, it is stuffed in the exception instead
of what was there before (because Python’s parser always uses
“<string>” when reading from a string).</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.showtraceback">
<tt class="descname">showtraceback</tt><big>(</big><em>exc_tuple=None</em>, <em>filename=None</em>, <em>tb_offset=None</em>, <em>exception_only=False</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.showtraceback" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Display the exception that just occurred.</p>
<p>If nothing is known about the exception, this is the method which
should be used throughout the code for presenting user tracebacks,
rather than directly invoking the InteractiveTB object.</p>
<p>A specific showsyntaxerror() also exists, but this method can take
care of calling it if needed, so unless you are explicitly catching a
SyntaxError exception, don’t try to analyze the stack manually and
simply call this method.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.system">
<tt class="descname">system</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.system" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Call the given cmd in a subprocess, piping stdout/err</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>cmd</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>Command to execute (can not end in ‘&’, as background processes are
not supported. Should not be a command that expects input
other than simple text.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.system_piped">
<tt class="descname">system_piped</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.system_piped" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Call the given cmd in a subprocess, piping stdout/err</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>cmd</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>Command to execute (can not end in ‘&’, as background processes are
not supported. Should not be a command that expects input
other than simple text.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.system_raw">
<tt class="descname">system_raw</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.system_raw" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Call the given cmd in a subprocess using os.system on Windows or
subprocess.call using the system shell on other platforms.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>cmd</strong> : str</p>
<blockquote class="last">
<div><p>Command to execute.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.transform_ast">
<tt class="descname">transform_ast</tt><big>(</big><em>node</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.transform_ast" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Apply the AST transformations from self.ast_transformers</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>node</strong> : ast.Node</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>The root node to be transformed. Typically called with the ast.Module
produced by parsing user input.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An ast.Node corresponding to the node it was called with. Note that it</p>
<p>may also modify the passed object, so don’t rely on references to the</p>
<p class="last">original AST.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.user_expressions">
<tt class="descname">user_expressions</tt><big>(</big><em>expressions</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.user_expressions" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Evaluate a dict of expressions in the user’s namespace.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>expressions</strong> : dict</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>A dict with string keys and string values. The expression values
should be valid Python expressions, each of which will be evaluated
in the user namespace.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A dict, keyed like the input expressions dict, with the rich mime-typed</p>
<p class="last">display_data of each value.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.user_variables">
<tt class="descname">user_variables</tt><big>(</big><em>names</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.user_variables" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Get a list of variable names from the user’s namespace.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first"><strong>names</strong> : list of strings</p>
<blockquote>
<div><p>A list of names of variables to be read from the user namespace.</p>
</div></blockquote>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A dict, keyed by the input names and with the rich mime-type repr(s) of each value.</p>
<p class="last">Each element will be a sub-dict of the same form as a display_data message.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.var_expand">
<tt class="descname">var_expand</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em>, <em>depth=0</em>, <em>formatter=<IPython.utils.text.DollarFormatter object at 0xf442442c></em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.var_expand" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Expand python variables in a string.</p>
<p>The depth argument indicates how many frames above the caller should
be walked to look for the local namespace where to expand variables.</p>
<p>The global namespace for expansion is always the user’s interactive
namespace.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.write">
<tt class="descname">write</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Write a string to the default output</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.write_err">
<tt class="descname">write_err</tt><big>(</big><em>data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShell.write_err" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Write a string to the default error output</p>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC">
<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">IPython.core.interactiveshell.</tt><tt class="descname">InteractiveShellABC</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Bases: <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">abc._NewBase</span></tt></p>
<p>An abstract base class for InteractiveShell.</p>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<div class="section" id="function">
<h2>1 Function<a class="headerlink" href="#function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="IPython.core.interactiveshell.get_default_colors">
<tt class="descclassname">IPython.core.interactiveshell.</tt><tt class="descname">get_default_colors</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#IPython.core.interactiveshell.get_default_colors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd></dd></dl>
</div>
</div>
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