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<title>Flite: a small, fast speech synthesis engine: 6 Structure</title>
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<a name="Structure"></a>
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<h1 class="chapter">6 Structure</h1>
<p>The flite distribution consists of two distinct parts:
</p><ul>
<li> The flite library containing the core synthesis code
</li><li> Voice(s) for flite. These contain three sub-parts
<ul>
<li> Language models:
text processing, prosody models etc.
</li><li> Lexicon and letter to sound rules
</li><li> Unit database and voice definition
</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<hr>
<a name="cst_005fval"></a>
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<h2 class="section">6.1 cst_val</h2>
<p>This is a basic simple object which can contain ints, floats, strings
and other objects. It also allows for lists using the Scheme/Lisp,
car/cdr architecture (as that is the most efficient way to represent
arbitrary trees and lists).
</p>
<p>The <code>cst_val</code> structure is carefully designed to take up only 8 bytes (or
16 on a 64-bit machine). The multiple union structure that it can
contain is designed so there are no conflicts. However it depends on
the fact that a pointer to a <code>cst_val</code> is guaranteed to lie on a even
address boundary (which is true for all architectures I know of). Thus
the distinction between between cons (i.e. list) objects and atomic
values can be determined by the odd/evenness of the least significant bits
of the first address in a <code>cst_val</code>. In some circles this is considered
hacky, in others elegant. This was done in flite to ensure that the most
common structure is 8 bytes rather than 12 which saves significantly on
memory.
</p>
<p>All <code>cst_val</code>’s except those of type cons are reference counted. A
few functions generate new lists of <code>cst_val</code>’s which the user
should be careful about as they need to explicitly delete them (notably
the lexicon lookup function that returns a list of phonemes).
Everything that is added to an utterance will be deleted (and/or
dereferenced) when the utterance is deleted.
</p>
<p>Like Festival, user types can be added to the <code>cst_val</code>s. In
Festival this can be done on the fly but because this requires the
updating of some list when each new type is added, this wouldn’t be
thread safe. Thus an explicit method of defining user types is done in
‘<tt>src/utils/cst_val_user.c</tt>’. This is not as neat as defining on the
fly or using a registration function but it is thread safe and these
user types wont changes often.
</p>
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<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="flite.html#Abstract" title="Cover (top) of document">Top</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[<a href="flite_toc.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents">Contents</a>]</td>
<td valign="middle" align="left">[Index]</td>
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