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<div class="refentry" title="duserrnd">
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">duserrnd</span>
</h2>
<p>duserrnd —
Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp18942808"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp18943472"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">aout <span class="command"><strong>duserrnd</strong></span> ktableNum</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">iout <span class="command"><strong>duserrnd</strong></span> itableNum</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kout <span class="command"><strong>duserrnd</strong></span> ktableNum</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp18997608"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>itableNum</em></span> -- number of table containing the random-distribution function. Such table is generated by the user. See <a class="link" href="GEN40.html" title="GEN40">GEN40</a>, <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a>, and <a class="link" href="GEN42.html" title="GEN42">GEN42</a>. The table length does not need to be a power of 2
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp18999808"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktableNum</em></span> -- number of table containing the random-distribution function. Such table is generated by the user. See <a class="link" href="GEN40.html" title="GEN40">GEN40</a>, <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a>, and <a class="link" href="GEN42.html" title="GEN42">GEN42</a>. The table length does not need to be a power of 2
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>duserrnd</em></span> (discrete user-defined-distribution random generator) generates random values according to a discrete random distribution created by the user. The user can create the discrete distribution histogram by using <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a>. In order to create that table, the user has to define an arbitrary amount of number pairs, the first number of each pair representing a value and the second representing its probability (see <a class="link" href="GEN41.html" title="GEN41">GEN41</a> for more details).
</p>
<p>
When used as a function, the rate of generation depends by the rate type of input variable XtableNum. In this case it can be embedded into any formula. Table number can be varied at k-rate, allowing to change the distribution histogram during the performance of a single note. <span class="emphasis"><em>duserrnd</em></span> is designed be used in algorithmic music generation.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>duserrnd</em></span> can also be used to generate values following a set of ranges of probabilities by using distribution functions generated by GEN42 (See <a class="link" href="GEN42.html" title="GEN42">GEN42</a> for more details). In this case, in order to simulate continuous ranges, the length of table XtableNum should be reasonably big, as <span class="emphasis"><em>duserrnd</em></span> does not interpolate between table elements.
</p>
<p>
For a tutorial about random distribution histograms and functions see:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
<li class="listitem">
<p>
D. Lorrain. "A panoply of stochastic cannons". In C. Roads, ed. 1989. Music machine. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT press, pp. 351 - 379.
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp19006792"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the duserrnd opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/duserrnd.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">duserrnd.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp19007784"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 198. Example of the duserrnd opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o duserrnd.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
k1 <span class="opc">duserrnd</span> 1
<span class="opc">printk</span> 0, k1
asig <span class="opc">poscil</span> .5, 220<span class="op">*</span>k1, 2 <span class="comment">;multiply frequency with random value</span>
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span>1 0 -20 -41 2 .1 8 .9 <span class="comment">;choose 2 at 10% probability, and 8 at 90%</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span>2 0 8192 10 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span>1 0 2
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like these:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
i 1 time 0.00067: 8.00000
i 1 time 0.00133: 8.00000
i 1 time 0.00200: 8.00000
i 1 time 0.00267: 8.00000
i 1 time 0.00333: 2.00000
i 1 time 0.00400: 8.00000
i 1 time 0.00533: 8.00000
i 1 time 0.00600: 8.00000
..........
</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp19010760"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="cuserrnd.html" title="cuserrnd"><em class="citetitle">cuserrnd</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="urd.html" title="urd"><em class="citetitle">urd</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp19012264"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Author: Gabriel Maldonado</p>
<p>New in Version 4.16</p>
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