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<div class="chapter" title="Csbeats">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div>
<h2 class="title"><a id="CsBeats"></a>Csbeats</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>
<a id="IndexBeats" class="indexterm"></a>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Csbeats</em></span> is an alternative score language that is aimed at
specifying simple scores in standard western tunings and
rhythms. <span class="emphasis"><em>Csbeats</em></span> can be invoked via the
CsScore component of a standard .csd score with
<span class="emphasis"><em>bin="csbeats"</em></span> or as stand-alone
program which generates a standard numeric score.
</p>
<p>
As a stand-alone the program reads standard input and writes to
standard output.
</p>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idp83238808"></a>
<p>
The <span class="emphasis"><em>csbeats</em></span> language is very simple, having
only 5 kinds of statement, and only one of them has any
complexity. In general the introductory word for each statement
type is case insensitive, so "QUIT", "quit", "QuIt"... are all
the same. Comments can be introduced in either ANSI C89 format
or C++ (that is either /* ... */ or // to the end of line) or
Csound's semicolon.
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
<li class="listitem">
<span class="emphasis">
<em>QUIT</em>
</span>
<p>
Causes csbeats to exit. For
flexibility the command <span class="emphasis"><em>END</em></span> is also
accepted for the identical action.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>BEATS</em></span>=integer
<p>
Sets the number of beats
per minute for the following score until the end or until it is
reset. The default value is 60bpm. The token
<span class="emphasis"><em>BPS</em></span> is also acceptable instead of BEATS.
</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>PERMEASURE</em></span>=integer
<p>
Sets the number of
beats in a bar. The default value is 4.
</p></li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="emphasis">
<em>BAR</em>
</span>
<p>
Start a new bar.
</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>BAR</em></span> integer
<p>
Start the bar whose number is
given.
</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>i</em></span> integer attributes
<p>
Specified a note event for the numbered instrument. The
attributes may be any of a pitch, duration or dynamic, or a
positioning of the note to a beat or measure, and can be in
any order.
</p><p>
Pitches are specified with a conventional note name (English
form) in upper case optionally followed by a #, x (for
double sharp), b (for flat) or bb (for double flat).
A note of Z is a rest (think zzzz). All notes except rests
must be followed by an octave number, with A4 being
international A (440Hz). Pitches are passed to Csound in
Hertz in the parameter p4, and are twelve tone equal temprament.
</p><p>
Durations are coded in lower case with the initial letter of
the name for <span class="emphasis"><em>w</em></span>hole,
<span class="emphasis"><em>h</em></span>alf, <span class="emphasis"><em>q</em></span>uarter,
<span class="emphasis"><em>e</em></span>igth and <span class="emphasis"><em>s</em></span>ixteeth
notes, or <span class="emphasis"><em>th</em></span> for thirtysecondth notes.
Except for <span class="emphasis"><em>w</em></span> these can be moderated by
appending as suffix:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="circle"><li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>d</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>.</em></span> Dotted
note (half as long again)
</li><li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>dd</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>..</em></span> Dotted
note (three quarters as long again)
</li><li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>t</em></span> Triplet note (third notes in
two)
</li><li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>t.</em></span> Dotted triplet note
</li><li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>q</em></span> Quintuplet (Five notes in four)
</li><li class="listitem"><span class="emphasis"><em>s</em></span> Septuplet (Seven notes in eight)
</li></ul></div><p>
Durations can be added together by giving more that one
duration. To make this more intuitive a + sign can be used
instead of white space.
</p><p>
The dynamics are written in conventional notation, that is fff,
ff, f, mf, mp, p, pp, ppp, pppp. These are passed to the instrument
as p5 as 0 for fff, and one less dB for each step below. The
default dynamic is fortissimo.
</p><p>
Additional parameters (p-fields) can be specified in an
instrument statement by giving statements like
<span class="emphasis"><em>p6=42</em></span> which would set the p6 field to 42
until it is changed. The number must be 6 or greater as the
first 5 fields are taken with fixed information. Each
instrument number has its own additional parameters.
</p><p>
If any of these attributes is missing it carried forward from the
previous note, with beat position being incremented to the end
of the previous note.
</p><p>
In addition an event can be directed to a particular measure with
an m attribute or a particular beat with a b.
</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idp83169208"></a>
<p>
The opening of Bach's Goldberg variation number 3 can be coded
as:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
; Bach - Goldberg Variations - Variato 3
; by Brian Baughn 3-14-05
; bbaughn@berklee.net
beats = 120
permeasure = 6
i101 m1 b1 B4 mp qd+s
i101 C5 s
i101 D5
i101 C5
i101 D5
i101 E5
i101 A4 qd+s
i101 B4 s
i101 C5
i101 B4
i101 C5
i101 D5
i101 m2 b1 G4 qd
i101 G5 qd+e
i101 A5 s
i101 G5
i101 F#5
i101 G5
i101 A5 e
i101 m3 b1.5 D5 s
i101 C5
i101 B4
i101 A4
i101 B4 e
i101 C5 s
i101 B4
i101 A4
i101 B4
i101 G4 e
i101 E5
i101 D5
i101 C5
i101 F#5
i101 A5
i101 m4 b1 B4 q
i101 G5 e
i101 G5 q
i101 F#5 e
i101 Z e // Z is a rest (zzzzz..)
i101 e
i101 B5 e
i101 A5 q
i101 D5 e
quit
</pre>
<p>
This produces output
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">;;;setting bpm=120.000000</span>
<span class="comment">;;;setting permeasure=6</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 0.000000 0.875000 493.883621 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 0.875000 0.125000 523.251131 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 1.000000 0.125000 587.329536 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 1.125000 0.125000 523.251131 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 1.250000 0.125000 587.329536 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 1.375000 0.125000 659.255114 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 1.500000 0.875000 440.000000 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 2.375000 0.125000 493.883621 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 2.500000 0.125000 523.251131 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 2.625000 0.125000 493.883621 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 2.750000 0.125000 523.251131 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 2.875000 0.125000 587.329536 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 3.000000 0.750000 391.995436 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 3.750000 1.000000 783.990872 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 4.750000 0.125000 880.000000 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 4.875000 0.125000 783.990872 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 5.000000 0.125000 739.988845 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 5.125000 0.125000 783.990872 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 5.250000 0.250000 880.000000 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 6.250000 0.125000 587.329536 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 6.375000 0.125000 523.251131 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 6.500000 0.125000 493.883621 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 6.625000 0.125000 440.000000 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 6.750000 0.250000 493.883621 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 7.000000 0.125000 523.251131 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 7.125000 0.125000 493.883621 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 7.250000 0.125000 440.000000 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 7.375000 0.125000 493.883621 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 7.500000 0.250000 391.995436 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 7.750000 0.250000 659.255114 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 8.000000 0.250000 587.329536 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 8.250000 0.250000 523.251131 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 8.500000 0.250000 739.988845 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 8.750000 0.250000 880.000000 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 9.000000 0.500000 493.883621 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 9.500000 0.250000 783.990872 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 9.750000 0.500000 783.990872 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 10.250000 0.250000 739.988845 -4
<span class="comment">;;rest at 10.500000 for 0.250000</span>
<span class="comment">;;rest at 10.750000 for 0.250000</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 11.000000 0.250000 987.767243 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 11.250000 0.500000 880.000000 -4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 11.750000 0.250000 587.329536 -4
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="A Complete Example">
<a id="idp83284264"></a>
<h2>A Complete Example</h2>
<p>
Here is a simple example of the <span class="emphasis"><em>csbeats</em></span>
score generator. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/csbeats.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">csbeats.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp83285480"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 1082. A simple example of csbeats.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
gi1 <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 1, 0, 4096, 10, 1
gi2 <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 2, 0, 4096, 7, <span class="op">-</span>1, 4096, 1 <span class="comment">; sawtooth</span>
gi3 <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 3, 0, 4096, 7, 0, 1024, 1, 2048, <span class="op">-</span>1, 1024, 0 <span class="comment">;triangle</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 101,102,103
iamp <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">ampdbfs</span>(p5)
a1 <span class="opc">oscil</span> iamp, p4, p1<span class="op">-</span>100
kenv <span class="opc">expseg</span> 1, p3, .01
a1 <span class="op">=</span> a1 <span class="op">*</span> kenv
<span class="opc">outs</span> a1, a1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="comment">; by Brian Baughn 3-14-05</span>
<span class="comment">; bbaughn@berklee.net</span>
<span class="stamnt">b</span>eats = 100
permeasure = 4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 m1 b1 q mp D3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 F3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 D3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 m2 b1 D3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 b3 D3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 m3 b1 D3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 F3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 D3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 m4 b1 D3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 b3 D3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 m5 b1 D3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 b4 G5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 m6 b1 E5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 b2 F5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 b3 e Eb5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 b3.5 e
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 b4 q
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 m7 b1 e D5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 q
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 e Db5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 q
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 m8 b1 q D5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 E5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>101 D5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 m1 b2 q D4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b4 E4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b4 Bb3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 m2 b2 F4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b2 B3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b4 C#4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b4 Bb3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 m3 b2 q D4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b4 E4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b4 Bb3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 m4 b2 F4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b2 B3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b4 C#4
<span class="stamnt">i</span>102 b4 Bb3
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 m5 b2 e F6
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b2 e A5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b2.5 e D6
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b3 e F6
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b3 e A5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b4 e E6
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 m6 b1 q C#6
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 q D6
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 e C6
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 q
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 m7 b1 e B5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 q
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 e Bb5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 q
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 m8 b1 e F5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b1 e A5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b1.5 e D6
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b2 e Bb5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b2.5 e D6
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b3 q F5
<span class="stamnt">i</span>103 b3 A5
<span class="stamnt">e</span>nd
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
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