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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">cent</span>
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<p>cent —
Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp15328728"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp15329520"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>cent</strong></span>(x) </pre>
<p>
This function works at a-rate, i-rate, and k-rate.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp15340216"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span> -- a value expressed in cents.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp15341080"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
The value returned by the <span class="emphasis"><em>cent</em></span> function is a factor. You can multiply a frequency by this factor to raise/lower it by the given amount of cents.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp15342184"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the cent opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/cent.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">cent.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp15343160"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 95. Example of the cent opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;RT audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o cent.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 <span class="comment">; original pitch</span>
iroot <span class="op">=</span> 440 <span class="comment">; root note = A (440 Hz)</span>
<span class="opc">print</span> iroot <span class="comment">;print out</span>
asig <span class="opc">oscili</span> 0.6, iroot, 1
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2
iroot <span class="op">=</span> 440 <span class="comment">; root note = A (440 Hz)</span>
icents <span class="op">=</span> p4 <span class="comment">; change root note by 300 and 1200 cents</span>
ifactor <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">cent</span>(icents) <span class="comment">; calculate new note</span>
inew <span class="op">=</span> iroot <span class="op">*</span> ifactor
<span class="opc">print</span> iroot <span class="comment">; Print all</span>
<span class="opc">print</span> ifactor
<span class="opc">print</span> inew
asig <span class="opc">oscili</span> 0.6, inew, 1
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="comment">; sine wave</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span>1 0 32768 10 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 2 0 <span class="comment">;no change</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 2.5 2 300 <span class="comment">;note = C above A</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 5 2 1200 <span class="comment">;1 octave higher </span>
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
instr 1: iroot = 440.000
instr 2: iroot = 440.000
instr 2: ifactor = 1.189
instr 2: inew = 523.251
instr 2: iroot = 440.000
instr 2: ifactor = 2.000
instr 2: inew = 880.000</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp15376512"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="db.html" title="db"><em class="citetitle">db</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="octave.html" title="octave"><em class="citetitle">octave</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="semitone.html" title="semitone"><em class="citetitle">semitone</em></a>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idp15378528"></a>
<p>New in version 4.16</p>
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