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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">atonex</span>
</h2>
<p>atonex —
Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp13778440"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>atonex</em></span> is equivalent to a filter consisting of more layers of <a class="link" href="atone.html" title="atone"><em class="citetitle">atone</em></a> with the same arguments, serially connected. Using a stack of a larger number of filters allows a sharper cutoff. They are faster than using a larger number instances in a Csound orchestra of the old opcodes, because only one initialization and k- cycle are needed at time and the audio loop falls entirely inside the cache memory of processor.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp13780104"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>atonex</strong></span> asig, khp [, inumlayer] [, iskip]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp13831712"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>inumlayer</em></span> (optional) -- number of elements in the filter stack. Default value is 4.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iskip</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- initial disposition of internal data space. Since filtering incorporates a feedback loop of previous output, the initial status of the storage space used is significant. A zero value will clear the space; a non-zero value will allow previous information to remain. The default value is 0.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp13833312"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- input signal
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>khp</em></span> -- the response curve's half-power point. Half power is defined as peak power / root 2.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp13834632"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the atonex opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/atonex.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">atonex.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp13835600"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 54. Example of the atonex opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;RT audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o atonex.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 <span class="comment">; unfiltered noise</span>
asig <span class="opc">rand</span> 0.7 <span class="comment">; white noise</span>
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2 <span class="comment">; filtered noise</span>
asig <span class="opc">rand</span> 0.7
khp <span class="opc">line</span> 100, p3, 3000
afilt <span class="opc">atonex</span> asig, khp, 32
<span class="comment">; Clip the filtered signal's amplitude to 85 dB.</span>
a1 <span class="opc">clip</span> afilt, 2, <span class="opc">ampdb</span>(85)
<span class="opc">outs</span> a1, a1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 2
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 2 2
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
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<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp13836608"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="resonx.html" title="resonx"><em class="citetitle">resonx</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="tonex.html" title="tonex"><em class="citetitle">tonex</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp13838104"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Gabriel Maldonado (adapted by John ffitch)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Italy</td>
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<p>
</p>
<p>New in Csound version 3.49</p>
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