<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>adsr</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" />
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1" />
<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" />
<link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" />
<link rel="prev" href="active.html" title="active" />
<link rel="next" href="adsyn.html" title="adsyn" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="navheader">
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
<tr>
<th colspan="3" align="center">adsr</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="active.html">Prev</a> </td>
<th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th>
<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="adsyn.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="refentry" title="adsr">
<a id="adsr"></a>
<div class="titlepage"></div>
<a id="IndexAdsr" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">adsr</span>
</h2>
<p>adsr —
Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp13196920"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp13197680"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>adsr</strong></span> iatt, idec, islev, irel [, idel]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>adsr</strong></span> iatt, idec, islev, irel [, idel]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp13295480"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iatt</em></span> -- duration of attack phase
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span> -- duration of decay
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>islev</em></span> -- level for sustain phase
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>irel</em></span> -- duration of release phase
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idel</em></span> -- period of zero before the envelope starts
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp13298368"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
The envelope generated is the range 0 to 1 and may need to be scaled
further, depending on the amplitude required. If using
<a class="link" href="Zerodbfs.html" title="0dbfs"><em class="citetitle">0dbfs</em></a> = 1, scaling down
will probably be required since playing more than one note might result in clipping.
If not using <a class="link" href="Zerodbfs.html" title="0dbfs"><em class="citetitle">0dbfs</em></a>, scaling
to a large amplitude (e.g. 32000) might be required.
</p>
<p>
The envelope may be described as:
</p>
<div class="mediaobject">
<img src="images/adsr.png" alt="Picture of an ADSR envelope." />
<div class="caption">
<p>Picture of an ADSR envelope.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
The length of the sustain is calculated from the length of the note. This means <span class="emphasis"><em>adsr</em></span> is not suitable for use with MIDI events. The opcode <a class="link" href="madsr.html" title="madsr"><em class="citetitle">madsr</em></a> uses the <a class="link" href="linsegr.html" title="linsegr"><em class="citetitle">linsegr</em></a> mechanism, and so can be used in MIDI applications.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>adsr</em></span> is new in Csound version 3.49.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp13304400"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the adsr opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/adsr.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">adsr.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp13305376"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 39. Example of the adsr opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;RT audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o adsr.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
iatt <span class="op">=</span> p5
idec <span class="op">=</span> p6
islev <span class="op">=</span> p7
irel <span class="op">=</span> p8
kenv <span class="opc">adsr</span> iatt, idec, islev, irel
kcps <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">cpspch</span>(p4) <span class="comment">;frequency</span>
asig <span class="opc">vco2</span> kenv <span class="op">*</span> 0.8, kcps
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1 7.00 .0001 1 .01 .001 <span class="comment">; short attack</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 2 1 7.02 1 .5 .01 .001 <span class="comment">; long attack</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 4 2 6.09 .0001 1 .1 .7 <span class="comment">; long release</span>
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp13307672"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="madsr.html" title="madsr"><em class="citetitle">madsr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="mxadsr.html" title="mxadsr"><em class="citetitle">mxadsr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="xadsr.html" title="xadsr"><em class="citetitle">xadsr</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp13309696"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Author: John ffitch</p>
<p>New in version 3.49</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr />
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="active.html">Prev</a> </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="adsyn.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">active </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> adsyn</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
distrib
>
Mageia
>
5
>
x86_64
>
media
>
core-release
>
by-pkgid
>
b707d9a4ee443103660a75ccb6e51334
>
files
>
352
