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<div class="refentry" title="+">
<a id="adds"></a>
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">+</span>
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<p>+ —
Addition operator
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<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp12726736"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Arithmetic operators perform operations of change-sign (negate), don't-change-sign, logical AND logical OR, add, subtract, multiply and divide. Note that a value or an expression may fall between two of these operators, either of which could take it as its left or right argument, as in
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<p><br />
a + b * c.<br />
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<p>
In such cases three rules apply:
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<p>
1. * and <span class="emphasis"><em>/</em></span> bind to their neighbors more strongly than + and −. Thus the above expression is taken as
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<p> <br />
a + (b * c)<br />
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<p>
with * taking b and c and then + taking a and b * c.
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<p>
2. <span class="emphasis"><em>+</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>−</em></span> bind more strongly than &&, which in turn is stronger than ||:
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<p> <br />
a && b - c || d<br />
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<p>
is taken as
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<p> <br />
(a && (b - c)) || d<br />
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<p>
3. When both operators bind equally strongly, the operations are done left to right:
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<p> <br />
a - b - c<br />
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is taken as
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<p> <br />
(a - b) - c<br />
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</p>
<p>
Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.
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<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp12783824"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>+</strong></span>a (no rate restriction)</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">a <span class="command"><strong>+</strong></span> b (no rate restriction)</pre>
<p>
where the arguments <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>b</em></span> may be further expressions.
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<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp12786256"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the + operator. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/adds.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">adds.csd</em></a>.
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<div class="example">
<a id="idp12787272"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 24. Example of the + operator.</strong>
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<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;RT audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o adds.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
<span class="comment">; add unipolar square to oscil</span>
kamp <span class="op">=</span> p4
kcps <span class="op">=</span> 1
itype <span class="op">=</span> 3
klfo <span class="opc">lfo</span> kamp, kcps, itype
<span class="opc">printk2</span> klfo
asig <span class="opc">oscil</span> 0.7, 440<span class="op">+</span>klfo, 1
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="comment">;sine wave.</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 32768 10 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 2 1 <span class="comment">;adds 1 Hz to frequency</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 2 10 <span class="comment">;adds 10 Hz to frequency</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 2 220 <span class="comment">;adds 220 Hz to frequency</span>
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
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<p><br class="example-break" />
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp12789528"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="subtracts.html" title="-"><em class="citetitle">-</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opand.html" title="&&"><em class="citetitle">&&</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opor.html" title="||"><em class="citetitle">||</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="multiplies.html" title="*"><em class="citetitle">*</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="divides.html" title="/"><em class="citetitle">/</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="raises.html" title="^"><em class="citetitle">^</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="modulus.html" title="%"><em class="citetitle">%</em></a>
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