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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">zawm</span>
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<p>zawm —
Writes to a za variable at a-rate with mixing.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp54713184"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Writes to a za variable at a-rate with mixing.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp54713920"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>zawm</strong></span> asig, kndx [, imix]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp54724312"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>imix</em></span> (optional, default=1) -- indicates if mixing should occur.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp54725272"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- value to be written to the za location.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kndx</em></span> -- points to the zk or za location to which to write.
</p>
<p>
These opcodes are fast, and always check that the index is within the range of zk or za space. If not, an error is reported, 0 is returned, and no writing takes place.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>zawm</em></span> is a mixing opcode, it adds the signal to the current value of the variable. If no <span class="emphasis"><em>imix</em></span> is specified, mixing always occurs. <span class="emphasis"><em>imix</em></span> = 0 will cause overwriting like <span class="emphasis"><em>ziw</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>zkw</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>zaw</em></span>. Any other value will cause mixing.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Caution</em></span>: When using the mixing opcodes <span class="emphasis"><em>ziwm</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>zkwm</em></span>, and <span class="emphasis"><em>zawm</em></span>, care must be taken that the variables mixed to, are zeroed at the end (or start) of each k- or a-cycle. Continuing to add signals to them, can cause their values can drift to astronomical figures.
</p>
<p>
One approach would be to establish certain ranges of zk or za variables to be used for mixing, then use <span class="emphasis"><em>zkcl</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>zacl</em></span> to clear those ranges.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp54761504"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the zawm opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/zawm.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">zawm.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp54762480"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 1014. Example of the zawm opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in No messages</span>
-odac -iadc -d <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o zawm.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="comment">; Initialize the global variables.</span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">kr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="comment">; Initialize the ZAK space.</span>
<span class="comment">; Create 1 a-rate variable and 1 k-rate variable.</span>
<span class="opc">zakinit</span> 1, 1
<span class="comment">; Instrument #1 -- a basic instrument.</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
<span class="comment">; Generate a simple sine waveform.</span>
asin <span class="opc">oscil</span> 15000, 440, 1
<span class="comment">; Mix the sine waveform with za variable #1.</span>
<span class="opc">zawm</span> asin, 1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="comment">; Instrument #2 -- another basic instrument.</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2
<span class="comment">; Generate another waveform with a different frequency.</span>
asin <span class="opc">oscil</span> 15000, 880, 1
<span class="comment">; Mix this sine waveform with za variable #1.</span>
<span class="opc">zawm</span> asin, 1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="comment">; Instrument #3 -- generates audio output.</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 3
<span class="comment">; Read za variable #1, containing both waveforms.</span>
a1 <span class="opc">zar</span> 1
<span class="comment">; Generate the audio output.</span>
<span class="opc">out</span> a1
<span class="comment">; Clear the za variables, get them ready for </span>
<span class="comment">; another pass.</span>
<span class="opc">zacl</span> 0, 1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="comment">; Table #1, a sine wave.</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 16384 10 1
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for one second.</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #2 for one second.</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 0 1
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #3 for one second.</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 3 0 1
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp54764728"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="zaw.html" title="zaw"><em class="citetitle">zaw</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="ziw.html" title="ziw"><em class="citetitle">ziw</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="ziwm.html" title="ziwm"><em class="citetitle">ziwm</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="zkw.html" title="zkw"><em class="citetitle">zkw</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="zkwm.html" title="zkwm"><em class="citetitle">zkwm</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp54767632"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Robin Whittle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Australia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>May 1997</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>New in version 3.45</p>
<p>Example written by Kevin Conder.</p>
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