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<div class="refentry" title="xtratim">
<a id="xtratim"></a>
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">xtratim</span>
</h2>
<p>xtratim —
Extend the duration of real-time generated events.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp54455224"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Extend the duration of real-time generated events and handle their extra life (Usually for usage along with <a class="link" href="release.html" title="release"><em class="citetitle">release</em></a> instead of <a class="link" href="linenr.html" title="linenr"><em class="citetitle">linenr</em></a>, <a class="link" href="linsegr.html" title="linsegr"><em class="citetitle">linsegr</em></a>, etc).
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp54457376"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>xtratim</strong></span> iextradur</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp54514920"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iextradur</em></span> -- additional duration of current instrument instance
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp54515872"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>xtratim</em></span> extends current MIDI-activated note duration by <span class="emphasis"><em>iextradur</em></span> seconds after the corresponding noteoff message has deactivated the current note itself. It is usually used in conjunction with <a class="link" href="release.html" title="release"><em class="citetitle">release</em></a>. This opcode has no output arguments.
</p>
<p>
This opcode is useful for implementing complex release-oriented envelopes, whose duration is not known when the envelope starts (e.g. for real-time MIDI generated events).
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp54518216"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is a simple example of the xtratim opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/xtratim.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">xtratim.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp54519208"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 1005. Example of the xtratim opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<p>This example shows how to generate a release segment for an ADSR envelope after a MIDI noteoff is received, extending the duration with <span class="emphasis"><em>xtratim</em></span> and using <a class="link" href="release.html" title="release"><em class="citetitle">release</em></a> to check whether the note is on the release phase.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in Silent MIDI in</span>
-odac -iadc -d -M0 <span class="comment">;;;realtime I/O</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="comment">;Simple usage of the xtratim opcode</span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="comment">; sine wave for oscillators</span>
gisin <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 1, 0, 4096, 10, 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
inum <span class="opc">notnum</span>
icps <span class="opc">cpsmidi</span>
iamp <span class="opc">ampmidi</span> 4000
<span class="comment">;</span>
<span class="comment">;------- complex envelope block ------</span>
<span class="opc">xtratim</span> 1 <span class="comment">;extra-time, i.e. release dur</span>
krel <span class="opc">init</span> 0
krel <span class="opc">release</span> <span class="comment">;outputs release-stage flag (0 or 1 values)</span>
<span class="octrl">if</span> (krel <span class="op">==</span> 1) <span class="octrl">kgoto</span> rel <span class="comment">;if in release-stage goto release section</span>
<span class="comment">;</span>
<span class="comment">;************ attack and sustain section ***********</span>
kmp1 <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, .03, 1, .05, 1, .07, 0, .08, .5, 4, 1, 50, 1
kmp <span class="op">=</span> kmp1<span class="op">*</span>iamp
<span class="octrl">kgoto</span> done
<span class="comment">;</span>
<span class="comment">;--------- release section --------</span>
rel<span class="op">:</span>
kmp2 <span class="opc">linseg</span> 1, .3, .2, .7, 0
kmp <span class="op">=</span> kmp1<span class="op">*</span>kmp2<span class="op">*</span>iamp
done<span class="op">:</span>
<span class="comment">;------</span>
a1 <span class="opc">oscili</span> kmp, icps, gisin
<span class="opc">outs</span> a1, a1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 0 3600 <span class="comment">;dummy table to wait for realtime MIDI events</span>
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
<p>
Here is a more elaborate example of the xtratim opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/xtratim-2.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">xtratim-2.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp54523152"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 1006. More complex example of the xtratim opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>This example shows how to generate a release segment for an ADSR envelope after a MIDI noteoff is received, extending the duration with <span class="emphasis"><em>xtratim</em></span> and using <a class="link" href="release.html" title="release"><em class="citetitle">release</em></a> to check whether the note is on the release phase. Two envelopes are generated simultaneously for the left and right channels.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in Silent MIDI in</span>
-odac -iadc -d -M0 <span class="comment">;;;realtime I/O</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="comment">;xtratim example by Jonathan Murphy Dec. 2006</span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="comment">; sine wave for oscillators</span>
gisin <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 1, 0, 4096, 10, 1
<span class="comment">; set volume initially to midpoint</span>
<span class="ohdr">ctrlinit</span> 1, 7,64
<span class="comment">;;; simple two oscil, two envelope synth</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
<span class="comment">; frequency</span>
kcps <span class="opc">cpsmidib</span>
<span class="comment">; initial velocity (noteon)</span>
ivel <span class="opc">veloc</span>
<span class="comment">; master volume</span>
kamp <span class="opc">ctrl7</span> 1, 7, 0, 127
kamp <span class="op">=</span> kamp <span class="op">*</span> ivel
<span class="comment">; parameters for aenv1</span>
iatt1 <span class="op">=</span> 0.03
idec1 <span class="op">=</span> 1
isus1 <span class="op">=</span> 0.25
irel1 <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="comment">; parameters for aenv2</span>
iatt2 <span class="op">=</span> 0.06
idec2 <span class="op">=</span> 2
isus2 <span class="op">=</span> 0.5
irel2 <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="comment">; extra (release) time allocated</span>
<span class="opc">xtratim</span> (irel1<span class="op">></span>irel2 <span class="op">?</span> irel1 <span class="op">:</span> irel2)
<span class="comment">; krel is used to trigger envelope release</span>
krel <span class="opc">init</span> 0
krel <span class="opc">release</span>
<span class="comment">; if noteoff received, krel == 1, otherwise krel == 0</span>
<span class="octrl">if</span> (krel <span class="op">==</span> 1) <span class="octrl">kgoto</span> <span class="olabel">rel</span>
<span class="comment">; attack, decay, sustain segments</span>
atmp1 <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, iatt1, 1, idec1, isus1 , 1, isus1
atmp2 <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, iatt2, 1, idec2, isus2 , 1, isus2
aenv1 <span class="op">=</span> atmp1
aenv2 <span class="op">=</span> atmp2
<span class="octrl">kgoto</span> <span class="olabel">done</span>
<span class="comment">; release segment</span>
<span class="olabel">rel</span><span class="op">:</span>
atmp3 <span class="opc">linseg</span> 1, irel1, 0, 1, 0
atmp4 <span class="opc">linseg</span> 1, irel2, 0, 1, 0
aenv1 <span class="op">=</span> atmp1 <span class="op">*</span> atmp3 <span class="comment">;to go from the current value (in case</span>
aenv2 <span class="op">=</span> atmp2 <span class="op">*</span> atmp4 <span class="comment">;the attack hasn't finished) to the release.</span>
<span class="comment">; control oscillator amplitude using envelopes</span>
<span class="olabel">done</span><span class="op">:</span>
aosc1 <span class="opc">oscil</span> aenv1, kcps, gisin
aosc2 <span class="opc">oscil</span> aenv2, kcps <span class="op">*</span> 1.5, gisin
aosc1 <span class="op">=</span> aosc1 <span class="op">*</span> kamp
aosc2 <span class="op">=</span> aosc2 <span class="op">*</span> kamp
<span class="comment">; send aosc1 to left channel, aosc2 to right,</span>
<span class="comment">; release times are noticably different</span>
<span class="opc">outs</span> aosc1, aosc2
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 0 3600 <span class="comment">;dummy table to wait for realtime MIDI events</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp54525320"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="linenr.html" title="linenr"><em class="citetitle">linenr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="release.html" title="release"><em class="citetitle">release</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp54526856"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Author: Gabriel Maldonado</p>
<p>Italy</p>
<p>Examples by Gabriel Maldonado and Jonathan Murphy</p>
<p>New in Csound version 3.47</p>
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