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<div class="refentry" title="vrandh">
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">vrandh</span>
</h2>
<p>vrandh —
Generates a vector of random numbers stored into a table, holding the values for a period of time.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp52817088"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Generates a vector of random numbers stored into a table, holding the values for a period of time. Generates a sort of 'vectorial band-limited noise'.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp52874032"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>vrandh</strong></span> ifn, krange, kcps, ielements [, idstoffset] [, iseed] \
[, isize] [, ioffset]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp52875104"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ifn</em></span> - number of the table where the vectorial signal will be generated
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ielements</em></span> - number of elements of the vector
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idstoffset</em></span> - (optional, default=0) -- index offset for the destination table
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iseed</em></span> (optional, default=0.5) -- seed value for the recursive pseudo-random formula. A value between 0 and +1 will produce an initial output of <span class="emphasis"><em>kamp</em></span> * <span class="emphasis"><em>iseed</em></span>. A negative value will cause seed re-initialization to be skipped. A value greater than 1 will seed from system time, this is the best option to generate a different random sequence for each run.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>isize</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- if zero, a 16 bit number is generated. If non-zero, a 31-bit random number is generated. Default is 0.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ioffset</em></span> - (optional, default=0) -- a base value added to the random result.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp52879096"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span> - range of random elements (from -<span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span> to <span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span>).
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kcps</em></span> - rate of generated elements in cycles per seconds.
</p>
<p>
This opcode is similar to <a class="link" href="randh.html" title="randh"><em class="citetitle">randh</em></a>, but operates on vectors instead of with scalar values.
</p>
<p>
Though the argument <span class="emphasis"><em>isize</em></span> defaults to 0, thus using a 16-bit random number generator, using the newer 31-bit algorithm is recommended, as this will produce a random sequence with a longer period (more random numbers before the sequence starts repeating).
</p>
<p>
The output is a vector contained in <span class="emphasis"><em>ifn</em></span> (that must be previously allocated).
</p>
<p>
All these operators are designed to be used together with other opcodes that operate with vector such as bmscan, <a class="link" href="adsynt.html" title="adsynt"><em class="citetitle">adsynt</em></a>, etc.
</p>
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>Note:</em></span> bmscan not yet available on Canonical Csound</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp52883960"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the vrandh opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/vrandh.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">vrandh.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp52884928"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 969. Example of the vrandh opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in No messages</span>
-odac -iadc -d <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o vranh.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="comment">;Example by Andres Cabrera</span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span><span class="op">=</span>44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span><span class="op">=</span>128
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span><span class="op">=</span>2
gitab <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 0, 0, 16, <span class="op">-</span>7, 0, 128, 0
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
krange <span class="opc">init</span> p4
kcps <span class="opc">init</span> p5
ioffset <span class="opc">init</span> p6
kav1 <span class="opc">init</span> 0
kav2 <span class="opc">init</span> 0
kcount <span class="opc">init</span> 0
<span class="comment">; table krange kcps ielements idstoffset iseed isize ioffset</span>
<span class="opc">vrandh</span> gitab, krange, kcps, 3, 3, 2, 0, ioffset
kfreq1 <span class="opc">table</span> 3, gitab
kfreq2 <span class="opc">table</span> 4, gitab
kfreq3 <span class="opc">table</span> 5, gitab
<span class="comment">;Change the frequency of three oscillators according to the random values</span>
aosc1 <span class="opc">oscili</span> 4000, kfreq1, 1
aosc2 <span class="opc">oscili</span> 2000, kfreq2, 1
aosc3 <span class="opc">oscili</span> 4000, kfreq3, 1
<span class="opc">outs</span> aosc1<span class="op">+</span>aosc2, aosc3<span class="op">+</span>aosc2
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 1024 10 1
<span class="comment">; krange kcps ioffset</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 5 100 1 300
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 5 5 300 1 400
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 10 5 100 2 1000
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 15 5 400 4 1000
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 20 5 1000 8 2000
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 25 5 250 16 300
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See also">
<a id="idp52887200"></a>
<h2>See also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="vrandi.html" title="vrandi"><em class="citetitle">vrandi</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="randh.html" title="randh"><em class="citetitle">randh</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp52888696"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Written by Gabriel Maldonado.</p>
<p>New in Csound 5 (Previously available only on CsoundAV)</p>
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