<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>vcella</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="vbapzmove.html" title="vbapzmove" /> <link rel="next" href="vco.html" title="vco" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">vcella</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="vbapzmove.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="vco.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry" title="vcella"> <a id="vcella"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexVcella" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">vcella</span> </h2> <p>vcella — Cellular Automata </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Description"> <a id="idp50792984"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> Unidimensional Cellular Automata applied to Csound vectors </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Syntax"> <a id="idp50845128"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>vcella</strong></span> ktrig, kreinit, ioutFunc, initStateFunc, \ iRuleFunc, ielements, irulelen [, iradius]</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Initialization"> <a id="idp50846336"></a> <h2>Initialization</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ioutFunc</em></span> - number of the table where the state of each cell is stored </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>initStateFunc</em></span> - number of a table containig the inital states of each cell </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>iRuleFunc</em></span> - number of a lookup table containing the rules </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ielements</em></span> - total number of cells </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>irulelen</em></span> - total number of rules </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>iradius</em></span> (optional) - radius of Cellular Automata. At present time CA radius can be 1 or 2 (1 is the default) </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Performance"> <a id="idp50849936"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ktrig</em></span> - trigger signal. Each time it is non-zero, a new generation of cells is evaluated </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kreinit</em></span> - trigger signal. Each time it is non-zero, state of all cells is forced to be that of <span class="emphasis"><em>initStateFunc</em></span>. </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>vcella</em></span> supports unidimensional cellular automata, where the state of each cell is stored in <span class="emphasis"><em>ioutFunc</em></span>. So <span class="emphasis"><em>ioutFunc</em></span> is a vector containing current state of each cell. This variant vector can be used together with any other vector-based opcode, such as <a class="link" href="adsynt.html" title="adsynt"><em class="citetitle">adsynt</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vmap.html" title="vmap"><em class="citetitle">vmap</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vpowv.html" title="vpowv"><em class="citetitle">vpowv</em></a> etc. </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>initStateFunc</em></span> is an input vector containing the inital value of the row of cells, while <span class="emphasis"><em>iRuleFunc</em></span> is an input vector containing the rules in the form of a lookup table. Notice that <span class="emphasis"><em>initStateFunc</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>iRuleFunc</em></span> can be updated during the performance by means of other vector-based opcodes (for example <a class="link" href="vcopy.html" title="vcopy"><em class="citetitle">vcopy</em></a>) in order to force to change rules and status at performance time. </p> <p> A new generation of cells is evaluated each time <span class="emphasis"><em>ktrig</em></span> contains a non-zero value. Also the status of all cells can be forced to assume the status corresponding to the contents of <span class="emphasis"><em>initStateFunc</em></span> each time <span class="emphasis"><em>kreinit</em></span> contains a non-zero value. </p> <p> Radius of CA algorithm can be 1 or 2 (optional <span class="emphasis"><em>iradius</em></span> arguement). </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Examples"> <a id="idp50857888"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the vcella opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/vcella.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">vcella.csd</em></a>.</p> <p> The following example uses <span class="emphasis"><em>vcella</em></span> </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idp50859280"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 928. Example of the vcella opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span> <span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> <span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in</span> -odac -iadc <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span> <span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="comment">; -o vcella.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="comment">; vcella.csd</span> <span class="comment">; by Anthony Kozar</span> <span class="comment">; This file demonstrates some of the new opcodes available in</span> <span class="comment">; Csound 5 that come from Gabriel Maldonado's CsoundAV.</span> <span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100 <span class="ohdr">kr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410 <span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10 <span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1 <span class="comment">; Cellular automata-driven oscillator bank using vcella and adsynt</span> <span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 idur <span class="op">=</span> p3 iCArate <span class="op">=</span> p4 <span class="comment">; number of times per second the CA calculates new values</span> <span class="comment">; f-tables for CA parameters</span> iCAinit <span class="op">=</span> p5 <span class="comment">; CA initial states </span> iCArule <span class="op">=</span> p6 <span class="comment">; CA rule values</span> <span class="comment">; The rule is used as follows:</span> <span class="comment">; the states (values) of each cell are summed with their neighboring cells within</span> <span class="comment">; the specied radius (+/- 1 or 2 cells). Each sum is used as an index to read a </span> <span class="comment">; value from the rule table which becomes the new state value for its cell.</span> <span class="comment">; All new states are calculated first, then the new values are all applied </span> <span class="comment">; simultaneously.</span> ielements <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">ftlen</span>(iCAinit) inumrules <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">ftlen</span>(iCArule) iradius <span class="op">=</span> 1 <span class="comment">; create some needed tables</span> iCAstate <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 0, 0, ielements, <span class="op">-</span>2, 0 <span class="comment">; will hold the current CA states</span> ifreqs <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 0, 0, ielements, <span class="op">-</span>2, 0 <span class="comment">; will hold the oscillator frequency for each cell</span> iamps <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 0, 0, ielements, <span class="op">-</span>2, 0 <span class="comment">; will hold the amplitude for each cell</span> <span class="comment">; calculate cellular automata state</span> ktrig <span class="opc">metro</span> iCArate <span class="comment">; trigger the CA to update iCArate times per second</span> <span class="opc">vcella</span> ktrig, 0, iCAstate, iCAinit, iCArule, ielements, inumrules, iradius <span class="comment">; scale CA state for use as amplitudes of the oscillator bank</span> <span class="opc">vcopy</span> iamps, iCAstate, ielements <span class="opc">vmult</span> iamps, (1<span class="op">/</span>3), ielements <span class="comment">; divide by 3 since state values are 0-3</span> <span class="opc">vport</span> iamps, .01, ielements <span class="comment">; need to smooth the amplitude changes for adsynt</span> <span class="comment">; we could use adsynt2 instead of adsynt, but it does not seem to be working</span> <span class="comment">; i-time loop for calculating frequencies</span> index <span class="op">=</span> 0 inew <span class="op">=</span> 1 iratio <span class="op">=</span> 1.125 <span class="comment">; just major second (creating a whole tone scale)</span> <span class="olabel">loop1</span><span class="op">:</span> <span class="opc">tableiw</span> inew, index, ifreqs, 0 <span class="comment">; 0 indicates integer indices</span> inew <span class="op">=</span> inew <span class="op">*</span> iratio index <span class="op">=</span> index <span class="op">+</span> 1 <span class="octrl">if</span> (index <span class="op"><</span> ielements) <span class="octrl">igoto</span> <span class="olabel">loop1</span> <span class="comment">; create sound with additive oscillator bank</span> ifreqbase <span class="op">=</span> 64 iwavefn <span class="op">=</span> 1 iphs <span class="op">=</span> 2 <span class="comment">; random oscillator phases</span> kenv <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, idur <span class="op">-</span> 1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 aosc <span class="opc">adsynt</span> kenv, ifreqbase, iwavefn, ifreqs, iamps, ielements, iphs <span class="opc">out</span> aosc <span class="op">*</span> <span class="opc">ampdb</span>(68) <span class="oblock">endin</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span> <span class="stamnt">f</span>1 0 16384 10 1 <span class="comment">; This example uses a 4-state cellular automata</span> <span class="comment">; Possible state values are 0, 1, 2, and 3</span> <span class="comment">; CA initial state</span> <span class="comment">; We have 16 cells in our CA, so the initial state table is size 16</span> <span class="stamnt">f</span>10 0 16 -2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 <span class="comment">; CA rule</span> <span class="comment">; The maximum sum with radius 1 (3 cells) is 9, so we need 10 values in the rule (0-9)</span> <span class="stamnt">f</span>11 0 16 -2 1 0 3 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 <span class="comment">; Here is our one and only note!</span> <span class="stamnt">i</span>1 0 20 4 10 11 <span class="stamnt">e</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span> <span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Credits"> <a id="idp50861552"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p>Written by: Gabriel Maldonado.</p> <p>New in Csound 5 (Previously available only on CsoundAV)</p> <p>Example by: Anthony Kozar</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="vbapzmove.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="vco.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">vbapzmove </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> vco</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>