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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">vbap8</span>
</h2>
<p>vbap8 —
Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp50562336"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp50562992"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ar1, ..., ar8 <span class="command"><strong>vbap8</strong></span> asig, kazim [, kelev] [, kspread]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp50564216"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- audio signal to be panned
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kazim</em></span> -- azimuth angle of the virtual source
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kelev</em></span> (optional) -- elevation angle of the virtual source
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kspread</em></span> (optional) -- spreading of the virtual source (range 0 - 100). If value is zero, conventional amplitude panning is used. When <span class="emphasis"><em>kspread</em></span> is increased, the number of loudspeakers used in panning increases. If value is 100, the sound is applied to all loudspeakers.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>vbap8</em></span> takes an input signal, <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span>, and distributes it among 8 outputs, according to the controls <span class="emphasis"><em>kazim</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>kelev</em></span>, and the configured loudspeaker placement. If <span class="emphasis"><em>idim</em></span> = 2, <span class="emphasis"><em>kelev</em></span> is set to zero. The distribution is performed using Vector Base Amplitude Panning (VBAP - See reference). VBAP distributes the signal using loudspeaker data configured with <span class="emphasis"><em>vbaplsinit</em></span>. The signal is applied to, at most, two loudspeakers in 2-D loudspeaker configurations, and three loudspeakers in 3-D loudspeaker configurations. If the virtual source is panned outside the region spanned by loudspeakers, the nearest loudspeakers are used in panning.
</p>
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<th align="left">Warning</th>
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<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>Please note that all <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap</em></span> panning opcodes require the <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap</em></span> system to be initialized using <a class="link" href="vbaplsinit.html" title="vbaplsinit"><em class="citetitle">vbaplsinit</em></a>.</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Example">
<a id="idp50625144"></a>
<h2>Example</h2>
<p>
Here is a simple example of the <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap8</em></span> opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/vbap8.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">vbap8.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp50626328"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 925. Example of the vbap8 opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in</span>
<span class="comment">;-odac -iadc ;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
-o vbap8.wav -W <span class="comment">;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">kr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 441
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 100
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4
<span class="opc">vbaplsinit</span> 2, 8, 0, 45, 90, 135, 200, 245, 290, 315
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
asig <span class="opc">oscil</span> 20000, 440, 1
a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8 <span class="opc">vbap8</span> asig, p4, 0, 20 <span class="comment">;p4 = azimuth</span>
<span class="comment">;render twice with alternate outq statements</span>
<span class="comment">; to obtain two 4 channel .wav files:</span>
<span class="opc">outq</span> a1,a2,a3,a4
<span class="comment">; outq a5,a6,a7,a8</span>
<span class="comment">; or use an 8-channel output for realtime output (set nchnls to 8):</span>
<span class="comment">; outo a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8</span>
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 8192 10 1
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for one second.</span>
<span class="comment">; azimuth</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1 20
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 40
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 60
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 80
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 100
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 120
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 140
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 160
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
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<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Reference">
<a id="idp50628600"></a>
<h2>Reference</h2>
<p>
Ville Pulkki: <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Virtual Sound Source Positioning Using Vector Base Amplitude Panning</span>”</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>Journal of the Audio Engineering Society</em></span>, 1997 June, Vol. 45/6, p. 456.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp50629768"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="vbap16.html" title="vbap16"><em class="citetitle">vbap16</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="vbap16move.html" title="vbap16move"><em class="citetitle">vbap16move</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="vbap4.html" title="vbap4"><em class="citetitle">vbap4</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="vbap4move.html" title="vbap4move"><em class="citetitle">vbap4move</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="vbap8move.html" title="vbap8move"><em class="citetitle">vbap8move</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="vbaplsinit.html" title="vbaplsinit"><em class="citetitle">vbaplsinit</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="vbapz.html" title="vbapz"><em class="citetitle">vbapz</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="vbapzmove.html" title="vbapzmove"><em class="citetitle">vbapzmove</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp50634160"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Ville Pulkki</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sibelius Academy Computer Music Studio</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Helsinki University of Technology</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Helsinki, Finland</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>May 2000</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>New in Csound Version 4.07. Input parameters accept k-rate since Csund 5.09.</p>
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