<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>vbap</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="vaset.html" title="vaset" /> <link rel="next" href="vbapmove.html" title="vbapmove" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">vbap</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="vaset.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="vbapmove.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry" title="vbap"> <a id="vbap"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexVbap" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">vbap</span> </h2> <p>vbap — Distributes an audio signal among many channels. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Description"> <a id="idp50262048"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> Distributes an audio signal amongmany channels, up to 64. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Syntax"> <a id="idp50262704"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis">ar1[, ar2...] <span class="command"><strong>vbap</strong></span> asig, kazim [, kelev] [, kspread] [, ilayout]</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Initialization"> <a id="idp50263800"></a> <h2>Initialization</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ilayout</em></span> -- index of the speaker layout in the range 0-99, corresponding to a call to <span class="emphasis"><em>vbaplsinit</em></span>. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Performance"> <a id="idp50264928"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- audio signal to be panned </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kazim</em></span> -- azimuth angle of the virtual source </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kelev</em></span> (optional) -- elevation angle of the virtual source </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kspread</em></span> (optional) -- spreading of the virtual source (range 0 - 100). If value is zero, conventional amplitude panning is used. When <span class="emphasis"><em>kspread</em></span> is increased, the number of loudspeakers used in panning increases. If value is 100, the sound is applied to all loudspeakers. </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap</em></span> takes an input signal, <span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> and distributes it among the outputs, according to the controls <span class="emphasis"><em>kazim</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>kelev</em></span>, and the configured loudspeaker placement. If <span class="emphasis"><em>idim</em></span> = 2, <span class="emphasis"><em>kelev</em></span> is set to zero. The distribution is performed using Vector Base Amplitude Panning (VBAP - See reference). VBAP distributes the signal using loudspeaker data configured with <span class="emphasis"><em>vbaplsinit</em></span>. The signal is applied to, at most, two loudspeakers in 2-D loudspeaker configurations, and three loudspeakers in 3-D loudspeaker configurations. If the virtual source is panned outside the region spanned by loudspeakers, the nearest loudspeakers are used in panning. </p> <div class="warning" title="Warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> <table border="0" summary="Warning"> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"> <img alt="[Warning]" src="images/warning.png" /> </td> <th align="left">Warning</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p>Please note that all <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap</em></span> panning opcodes require the <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap</em></span> system to be initialized using <a class="link" href="vbaplsinit.html" title="vbaplsinit"><em class="citetitle">vbaplsinit</em></a>.</p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Examples"> <a id="idp50271368"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> See the entry for <a class="link" href="vbap8.html" title="vbap8"><em class="citetitle">vbap8</em></a> for an example of usage of the <span class="emphasis"><em>vbap</em></span> opcodes. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Reference"> <a id="idp50272728"></a> <h2>Reference</h2> <p> Ville Pulkki: <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Virtual Sound Source Positioning Using Vector Base Amplitude Panning</span>”</span> <span class="emphasis"><em>Journal of the Audio Engineering Society</em></span>, 1997 June, Vol. 45/6, p. 456. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Examples"> <a id="idp50273912"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the vbap opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/vbap.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">vbap.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idp50274880"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 920. Example of the vbap opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span> <span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> -odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span> <span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span> <span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="comment">; -o vbap.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100 <span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32 <span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4 <span class="comment">;quad</span> <span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1 <span class="opc">vbaplsinit</span> 2, 4, 0, 90, 180, 270 <span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 asig <span class="opc">diskin2</span> "beats.wav", 1, 0, 1 <span class="comment">;loop beats.wav</span> kaz <span class="opc">line</span> 0, p3, p4 <span class="comment">;come from right rear speaker & </span> a1,a2,a3,a4 vbap asig, 180, 100, kaz <span class="comment">;change spread of soundsource</span> <span class="opc">printks</span> "spread of source <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>d\n", 1, kaz <span class="comment">;print spread value</span> <span class="opc">outq</span> a1,a2,a3,a4 <span class="oblock">endin</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span> <span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 12 100 <span class="stamnt">e</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span> <span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> Its output should include lines like these: </p> <pre class="screen"> spread of source = 0 spread of source = 8 spread of source = 17 spread of source = 25 spread of source = 33 spread of source = 42 spread of source = 50 spread of source = 58 spread of source = 67 spread of source = 75 spread of source = 83 spread of source = 92 spread of source = 100 </pre> <p> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="See Also"> <a id="idp50277824"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="vbapmove.html" title="vbapmove"><em class="citetitle">vbapmove</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap16.html" title="vbap16"><em class="citetitle">vbap16</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap16move.html" title="vbap16move"><em class="citetitle">vbap16move</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap4.html" title="vbap4"><em class="citetitle">vbap4</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap4move.html" title="vbap4move"><em class="citetitle">vbap4move</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap8.html" title="vbap8"><em class="citetitle">vbap8</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbap8move.html" title="vbap8move"><em class="citetitle">vbap8move</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbaplsinit.html" title="vbaplsinit"><em class="citetitle">vbaplsinit</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbapz.html" title="vbapz"><em class="citetitle">vbapz</em></a>, <a class="link" href="vbapzmove.html" title="vbapzmove"><em class="citetitle">vbapzmove</em></a> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Credits"> <a id="idp50283240"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p> </p> <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"> <tr> <td>Author: Ville Pulkki</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sibelius Academy Computer Music Studio</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Helsinki University of Technology</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Helsinki, Finland</td> </tr> <tr> <td>May 2000</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Author: John ffitch</td> </tr> <tr> <td>July 2012</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p>New in Csound Version 5.17.13. </p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="vaset.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="vbapmove.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">vaset </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> vbapmove</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>