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<div class="refentry" title="until">
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">until</span>
</h2>
<p>until —
A syntactic looping construction.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp49613696"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
A syntactic looping construction.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp49614344"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>until</strong></span> condition <span class="command"><strong>do</strong></span>
... <span class="command"><strong>od</strong></span></pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp49861152"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
The statements between the <span class="emphasis"><em>do</em></span> and
<span class="emphasis"><em>od</em></span> form the body of a loop which is obeyed
until the conditional becomes true.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp49862280"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the until construction. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/until.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">until.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp49863256"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 908. Example of the until opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in</span>
-odac -iadc <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o ifthen.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">kr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
<span class="olabel">lab99</span><span class="op">:</span>
<span class="octrl">if</span> p4<span class="op"><</span>0 <span class="octrl">goto</span> <span class="olabel">lab100</span>
p4 <span class="op">=</span> p4<span class="op">-</span>1
<span class="opc">print</span> p4
<span class="octrl">goto</span> <span class="olabel">lab99</span>
<span class="olabel">lab100</span><span class="op">:</span>
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2
until p4<span class="op"><</span>0 do
p4 <span class="op">=</span> p4<span class="op">-</span>1
<span class="opc">print</span> p4
od
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 1 1 4
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 2 1 4
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like this:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
B 0.000 .. 1.000 T 1.000 TT 1.000 M: 0.0
new alloc for instr 1:
instr 1: p4 = 3.000
instr 1: p4 = 2.000
instr 1: p4 = 1.000
instr 1: p4 = 0.000
instr 1: p4 = -1.000
B 1.000 .. 2.000 T 2.000 TT 2.000 M: 0.0
new alloc for instr 2:
instr 2: p4 = 3.000
instr 2: p4 = 2.000
instr 2: p4 = 1.000
instr 2: p4 = 0.000
instr 2: p4 = -1.000
B 2.000 .. 3.000 T 3.000 TT 3.000 M: 0.0
</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp49866336"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="loop_ge.html" title="loop_ge"><em class="citetitle">loop_ge</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="loop_gt.html" title="loop_gt"><em class="citetitle">loop_gt</em></a> and
<a class="link" href="loop_le.html" title="loop_le"><em class="citetitle">loop_le</em></a>.
<a class="link" href="loop_lt.html" title="loop_lt"><em class="citetitle">loop_lt</em></a>.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp49868832"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>John ffitch.</p>
<p>New in Csound version 5.14 with new parser</p>
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