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<div class="refentry" title="times">
<a id="times"></a>
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<a id="IndexTimes" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">times</span>
</h2>
<p>times —
Read absolute time in seconds.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp48950048"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Read absolute time, in seconds, since the start of the performance.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp48950824"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ires <span class="command"><strong>times</strong></span></pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>times</strong></span></pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp48961800"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
Time in seconds is available with <span class="emphasis"><em>times</em></span>. This would return 0.5 after half a second.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>times</em></span> can both produce a k-rate variable for output. There are no input parameters.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>times</em></span> can also operate at the start of the instance of the instrument. It produces an i-rate variable (starting with <span class="emphasis"><em>i</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>gi</em></span>) as its output.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp49026728"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the times opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/times_complex.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">times_complex.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp49027720"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 883. Example of the times opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform </span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out </span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too </span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below: </span>
<span class="comment">; -o times_complex.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform </span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="comment">;by joachim heintz and rory walsh </span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
giWave <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 0, 0, 1024, 10, 1, .5, .25
<span class="oblock">instr</span> again
instance <span class="op">=</span> p4
<span class="comment">;reset the duration of this instance </span>
iDur <span class="opc">rnd31</span> 5, 3 <span class="comment">;shorter values are more probable </span>
iDur <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">abs</span>(iDur) <span class="op">+</span> 0.2
p3 <span class="op">=</span> iDur
<span class="comment">;trigger the effect instrument of this instance </span>
<span class="opc">event_i</span> "i", "fx_processor", 0, iDur, instance
<span class="comment">;print the status quo </span>
kTime <span class="opc">times</span>
<span class="opc">prints</span> "instance <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>d, start <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>f, duration <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>f\n", instance, <span class="opc">i</span>(kTime), iDur
<span class="comment">;make sound </span>
iamp <span class="opc">active</span> 1 <span class="comment">;scale amplitudes </span>
iOct <span class="opc">random</span> 5, 10 <span class="comment">;find pitch </span>
aEnv <span class="opc">transeg</span> 0, 0.02, 0, 1<span class="op">/</span>iamp, p3<span class="op">-</span>0.02, <span class="op">-</span>6, 0 <span class="comment">;output envelope </span>
aSend <span class="opc">poscil</span> aEnv, <span class="opc">cpsoct</span>(iOct), giWave <span class="comment">;audio signal </span>
<span class="comment">;send signal to effect instrument </span>
Sbus <span class="opc">sprintf</span> "audio_<span class="op">%</span>d", instance <span class="comment">;create unique software bus </span>
<span class="opc">chnset</span> aSend<span class="op">/</span>2, Sbus <span class="comment">;send audio on this bus </span>
<span class="comment">;get the last k-cycle of this instance and trigger the successor in it </span>
kLast <span class="opc">release</span>
<span class="opc">schedkwhen</span> kLast, 0, 0, "again", 0, 1, instance<span class="op">+</span>1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> fx_processor
<span class="comment">;apply feedback delay to the above instrument </span>
iwhich <span class="op">=</span> p4 <span class="comment">;receive instance number ... </span>
Sbus <span class="opc">sprintf</span> "audio_<span class="op">%</span>d", iwhich <span class="comment">; ... and related software bus </span>
audio <span class="opc">chnget</span> Sbus <span class="comment">;receive audio on this bus </span>
irvbtim <span class="opc">random</span> 1, 5 <span class="comment">;find reverb time </span>
p3 <span class="op">=</span> p3<span class="op">+</span>irvbtim <span class="comment">;adjust instrument duration </span>
iltptmL <span class="opc">random</span> .1, .5 <span class="comment">;find looptime left ... </span>
iltptmR <span class="opc">random</span> .1, .5 <span class="comment">;...and right </span>
ipan <span class="opc">random</span> 0, 1 <span class="comment">; pan and ... </span>
imix <span class="opc">random</span> 0, 1 <span class="comment">;... mix audio </span>
aL,aR <span class="opc">pan2</span> audio, ipan <span class="comment">;create stereo </span>
awetL <span class="opc">comb</span> aL, irvbtim, iltptmL <span class="comment">;comb filter </span>
awetR <span class="opc">comb</span> aR, irvbtim, iltptmR
aoutL <span class="opc">ntrpol</span> aL, awetL, imix <span class="comment">;wet-dry mix </span>
aoutR <span class="opc">ntrpol</span> aR, awetR, imix
<span class="opc">outs</span> aoutL<span class="op">/</span>2, aoutR<span class="op">/</span>2
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> "aga<span class="stamnt">i</span>n" 0 1 1
<span class="stamnt">e</span> 3600
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like these:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
new alloc for instr again:
instance = 1, start = 0.000000, duration = 0.650439
new alloc for instr fx_processor:
instance = 2, start = 0.650884, duration = 0.411043
new alloc for instr fx_processor:
instance = 3, start = 1.061587, duration = 0.231085
new alloc for instr fx_processor:
instance = 4, start = 1.292336, duration = 0.543473
new alloc for instr fx_processor:
instance = 5, start = 1.835828, duration = 1.777097
</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp49031280"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="timeinstk.html" title="timeinstk"><em class="citetitle">timeinstk</em></a>, <a class="link" href="timeinsts.html" title="timeinsts"><em class="citetitle">timeinsts</em></a>, <a class="link" href="timek.html" title="timek"><em class="citetitle">timek</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp49033280"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Robin Whittle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Australia</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>May 1997</td>
</tr>
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