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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">seed</span>
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<p>seed —
Sets the global seed value.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp41757496"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Sets the global seed value for all <span class="emphasis"><em>x-class noise generators</em></span>, as well as other opcodes that use a random call, such as <a class="link" href="grain.html" title="grain"><em class="citetitle">grain</em></a>.
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<div class="note" title="Please Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<th align="left">Please Note</th>
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<p><a class="link" href="rand.html" title="rand"><em class="citetitle">rand</em></a>, <a class="link" href="randh.html" title="randh"><em class="citetitle">randh</em></a>, <a class="link" href="randi.html" title="randi"><em class="citetitle">randi</em></a>, <a class="link" href="rnd.html" title="rnd"><em class="citetitle">rnd(x)</em></a> and <a class="link" href="birnd.html" title="birnd"><em class="citetitle">birnd(x)</em></a> are not affected by seed.</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp41771024"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>seed</strong></span> ival</pre>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp41772056"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
Use of <span class="emphasis"><em>seed</em></span> will provide predictable results from an orchestra using with random generators, when required from multiple performances.
</p>
<p>
When specifying a seed value, <span class="emphasis"><em>ival</em></span> should be an integer between 0 and 2<sup>32</sup>. If <span class="emphasis"><em>ival</em></span> = 0, the value of <span class="emphasis"><em>ival</em></span> will be derived from the system clock.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp41774216"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the seed opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/seed.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">seed.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp41807776"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 748. Example of the seed opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o seed.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 <span class="comment">;same values every time</span>
<span class="ohdr">seed</span> 10
krnd <span class="opc">randomh</span> 100, 200, 5
<span class="opc">printk</span> .5, krnd <span class="comment">; look </span>
aout <span class="opc">oscili</span> 0.8, 440<span class="op">+</span>krnd, 1 <span class="comment">; & listen</span>
<span class="opc">outs</span> aout, aout
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2 <span class="comment">;different values every time - value is derived from system clock</span>
<span class="ohdr">seed</span> 0 <span class="comment">; seed from system clock</span>
krnd <span class="opc">randomh</span> 100, 200, 5
<span class="opc">printk</span> .5, krnd <span class="comment">; look </span>
aout <span class="opc">oscili</span> 0.8, 440<span class="op">+</span>krnd, 1 <span class="comment">; & listen</span>
<span class="opc">outs</span> aout, aout
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 16384 10 1 <span class="comment">;sine wave.</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 2 1
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
i 1 time 0.00067: 100.00000
i 1 time 0.50000: 175.78677
i 1 time 1.00000: 170.89579
WARNING: Seeding from current time 834128659
i 2 time 2.00067: 100.00000
i 2 time 2.50000: 197.58517
i 2 time 3.00000: 188.69525
</pre>
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