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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">rnd</span>
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<p>rnd —
Returns a random number in a unipolar range at the rate given by the input argument.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp40951632"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Returns a random number in a unipolar range at the rate given by the input argument.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp40952440"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>rnd</strong></span>(x) (init- or control-rate only)</pre>
<p>
Where the argument within the parentheses may be an expression. These value converters sample a global random sequence, but do not reference <span class="emphasis"><em>seed</em></span>. The result can be a term in a further expression.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp40963504"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
Returns a random number in the unipolar range 0 to <span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span>.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp40964392"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the rnd opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/rnd.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">rnd.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp40965368"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 727. Example of the rnd opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in</span>
-odac -iadc <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o rnd.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="comment">; Andres Cabrera 2010</span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
<span class="comment">; Generate a random number from 0 to 10.</span>
irand <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">rnd</span>(10)
<span class="opc">print</span> irand
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2
klimit <span class="opc">init</span> 10
krand <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">rnd</span>(klimit)
<span class="opc">printk</span> 0, krand
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1 <span class="comment">; Generate 1 number</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1 <span class="comment">; Generate another number</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1 <span class="comment">; yet another number</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 2 1 <span class="comment">; 1 second prints 9 values (kr = 10)</span>
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should be:
</p>
<pre class="screen">SECTION 1:
new alloc for instr 1:
instr 1: irand = 9.735
new alloc for instr 1:
instr 1: irand = 1.394
new alloc for instr 1:
instr 1: irand = 7.695
midi channel 1 now using instr 1
B 0.000 .. 2.000 T 2.000 TT 2.000 M: 0.00000
new alloc for instr 2:
i 2 time 2.10000: 5.25005
i 2 time 2.20000: 6.22665
i 2 time 2.30000: 9.69511
i 2 time 2.40000: 7.16822
i 2 time 2.50000: 9.45134
i 2 time 2.60000: 1.34123
i 2 time 2.70000: 2.09879
i 2 time 2.80000: 2.36001
i 2 time 2.90000: 0.03553</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp41029688"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="birnd.html" title="birnd"><em class="citetitle">birnd</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp41030760"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Barry L. Vercoe</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MIT</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Cambridge, Massachussetts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1997</td>
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