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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">randh</span>
</h2>
<p>randh —
Generates random numbers and holds them for a period of time.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp39766128"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Generates random numbers and holds them for a period of time.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp39766888"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>randh</strong></span> xamp, xcps [, iseed] [, isize] [, ioffset]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>randh</strong></span> kamp, kcps [, iseed] [, isize] [, ioffset]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp39778208"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iseed</em></span> (optional, default=0.5) -- seed value for the recursive pseudo-random formula. A value between 0 and +1 will produce an initial output of <span class="emphasis"><em>kamp * iseed.</em></span> A negative value will cause seed re-initialization to be skipped. A value greater than 1 will seed from system time, this is the best option to generate a different random sequence for each run.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>isize</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- if zero, a 16 bit number is generated. If non-zero, a 31-bit random number is generated. Default is 0.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ioffset</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- a base value added to the random result. New in Csound version 4.03.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp39877368"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kamp, xamp</em></span> -- range over which random numbers are distributed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kcps, xcps</em></span> -- the frequency which new random numbers are generated.
</p>
<p>
The internal pseudo-random formula produces values which are uniformly distributed over the range -<span class="emphasis"><em>kamp</em></span> to +<span class="emphasis"><em>kamp</em></span>. <span class="emphasis"><em>rand</em></span> will thus generate uniform white noise with an R.M.S value of <span class="emphasis"><em>kamp / root 2</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
The remaining units produce band-limited noise: the <span class="emphasis"><em>kcps</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>xcps</em></span> parameters permit the user to specify that new random numbers are to be generated at a rate less than the sampling or control frequencies. <span class="emphasis"><em>randh</em></span> will hold each new number for the period of the specified cycle.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp39881344"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the randh opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/randh.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">randh.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp39882320"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 697. Example of the randh opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o randh.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 <span class="comment">;same values every time</span>
krnd <span class="opc">randh</span> 100, 10
<span class="opc">printk2</span> krnd <span class="comment">; look </span>
aout <span class="opc">oscili</span> 0.8, 440<span class="op">+</span>krnd, 1 <span class="comment">; & listen</span>
<span class="opc">outs</span> aout, aout
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2 <span class="comment">;different values every time</span>
krnd <span class="opc">randh</span> 100, 10, 10 <span class="comment">; seed from system clock</span>
<span class="opc">printk2</span> krnd <span class="comment">; look </span>
aout <span class="opc">oscili</span> 0.8, 440<span class="op">+</span>krnd, 1 <span class="comment">; & listen</span>
<span class="opc">outs</span> aout, aout
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 16384 10 1 <span class="comment">;sine wave.</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 2 1
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
<p>
The example will produce the following output:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
i1 50.00000
i1 50.00305
i1 97.68677
i1 -44.25354
i1 -61.56006
i1 -75.91248
i1 67.57202
i1 12.83875
i1 5.39551
i1 -95.18738
WARNING: Seeding from current time 684387922
i2 -13.81226
i2 -16.49475
i2 69.51904
i2 35.04944
i2 47.47925
i2 63.25378
i2 -59.61914
i2 50.93079
i2 -6.46362
i2 5.89294
</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp39885984"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="rand.html" title="rand"><em class="citetitle">rand</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="randi.html" title="randi"><em class="citetitle">randi</em></a>
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