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<div class="refentry" title="pvscale">
<a id="pvscale"></a>
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<a id="IndexPvscale" class="indexterm"></a>
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">pvscale</span>
</h2>
<p>pvscale —
Scale the frequency components of a pv stream.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp38428944"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Scale the frequency components of a pv stream, resulting
in pitch shift. Output amplitudes can be optionally modified in order
to attempt formant preservation.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp38416144"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">fsig <span class="command"><strong>pvscale</strong></span> fsigin, kscal[, kkeepform, kgain, kcoefs]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp38417160"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>fsig</em></span> -- output pv stream
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>fsigin</em></span> -- input pv stream
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kscal</em></span> -- scaling ratio.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kkeepform</em></span> -- attempt to keep input signal
formants; 0: do not keep formants;
1: keep formants using a liftered cepstrum method; 2: keep formants by
using a true envelope method
(defaults to 0).
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kgain</em></span> -- amplitude scaling (defaults to 1).
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kcoefs</em></span> -- number of cepstrum coefs used in formant preservation (defaults to 80).
</p>
<p>
The quality of the pitch shift will be improved with the use of a
Hanning window in the pvoc analysis. Formant preservation method 1 is less intensive than method 2, which might not be suited
to realtime use.
</p>
<div class="warning" title="Warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
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<img alt="[Warning]" src="images/warning.png" />
</td>
<th align="left">Warning</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">
<p>
It is unsafe to use the same f-variable for both input and output of pvs opcodes. Using the same one might lead to undefined behavior on some opcodes. Use a different one on the left and right sides of the opcode.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp38472752"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp38473216"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 645. Example</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<pre class="programlisting">
asig <span class="opc">in</span> <span class="comment">; get the signal in</span>
fsig <span class="opc">pvsanal</span> asig, 1024, 256, 1024, 1 <span class="comment">; analyse it</span>
ftps <span class="opc">pvscale</span> fsig, 1.5, 1, 1 <span class="comment">; transpose it keeping formants</span>
atps <span class="opc">pvsynth</span> ftps <span class="comment">; synthesise it</span>
adp <span class="opc">delayr</span> 0.1 <span class="comment">; delay original signal</span>
adel <span class="opc">deltapn</span> 1024 <span class="comment">; by 1024 samples</span>
<span class="opc">delayw</span> asig
<span class="opc">out</span> atps <span class="op">+</span> adel <span class="comment">; add tranposed and original</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
<p>
The example above shows a vocal harmoniser. The delay is necessary to
time-align the signals, as the analysis-synthesis process will imply a
delay of 1024 samples between the analysis input and the synthesis output.
</p>
<p>
Here is an example of the use of the <span class="emphasis"><em>pvscale</em></span> opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/pvscale.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">pvscale.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp38481048"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 646. Example of the <span class="emphasis"><em>pvscale</em></span> opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
-odac
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 16
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="comment">;; example written by joachim heintz 2009</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
ifftsize <span class="op">=</span> 1024
ioverlap <span class="op">=</span> ifftsize <span class="op">/</span> 4
iwinsize <span class="op">=</span> ifftsize
iwinshape <span class="op">=</span> 1<span class="comment">; von-Hann window</span>
Sfile <span class="op">=</span> "fox.wav"
ain <span class="opc">soundin</span> Sfile
fftin <span class="opc">pvsanal</span> ain, ifftsize, ioverlap, iwinsize, iwinshape<span class="comment">; fft-analysis of the audio-signal</span>
fftblur <span class="opc">pvscale</span> fftin, p4, p5, p6<span class="comment">; scale</span>
aout <span class="opc">pvsynth</span> fftblur<span class="comment">; resynthesis</span>
<span class="opc">out</span> aout
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 3 1 0 1<span class="comment">; original sound</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 3 3 1.5 0 2<span class="comment">; fifth higher without ...</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 6 3 1.5 1 2<span class="comment">; ... and with different ...</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 9 3 1.5 2 5<span class="comment">; ... kinds of formant preservation</span>
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp38483536"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="pvsanal.html" title="pvsanal"><em class="citetitle">pvsanal</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="pvsynth.html" title="pvsynth"><em class="citetitle">pvsynth</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="pvsadsyn.html" title="pvsadsyn"><em class="citetitle">pvsadsyn</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp38485512"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Victor Lazzarini</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>November 2004 </td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>New plugin in version 5</p>
<p>November 2004.</p>
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