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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">pow</span>
</h2>
<p>pow —
Computes one argument to the power of another argument.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp36975496"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Computes <span class="emphasis"><em>xarg</em></span> to the power of <span class="emphasis"><em>kpow</em></span> (or <span class="emphasis"><em>ipow</em></span>) and scales the result by <span class="emphasis"><em>inorm</em></span>.
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<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp36977184"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> aarg, kpow [, inorm]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">ires <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> iarg, ipow [, inorm]</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>pow</strong></span> karg, kpow [, inorm]</pre>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp36979768"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>inorm</em></span> (optional, default=1) -- The number to divide the result (default to 1). This is especially useful if you are doing powers of a- or k- signals where samples out of range are extremely common!
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp36980992"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>aarg</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>iarg</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>karg</em></span> -- the base.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ipow</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>kpow</em></span> -- the exponent.
</p>
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<th align="left">Note</th>
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<p>
Use <span class="emphasis"><em>^</em></span> with caution in arithmetical statements, as the precedence may not be correct. New in Csound version 3.493.
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<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp36983824"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the pow opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/pow.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">pow.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp36984800"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 609. Example of the pow opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if RT audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">;-o pow.wav ; output to audio file</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 <span class="comment">; Lo-Fi sound</span>
kpow <span class="op">=</span> 10 <span class="comment">;exponent</span>
kbase <span class="opc">line</span> 1, p3, 1.4 <span class="comment">;vary the base</span>
kQuantize <span class="opc">pow</span> kbase, kpow
kQuantize <span class="op">=</span> kQuantize<span class="op">*</span>0.5 <span class="comment">;half the number of steps for each side of a bipolar signal</span>
<span class="opc">printk2</span> kQuantize
asig <span class="opc">diskin2</span> "fox.wav", 1, 0, 1 <span class="comment">;loop the fox</span>
asig <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">round</span>(asig <span class="op">*</span> kQuantize) <span class="op">/</span> kQuantize <span class="comment">;quantize and scale audio signal</span>
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span>1 0 19.2
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like these:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
i1 0.50000
i1 0.50007
i1 0.50014
.......
i1 14.45986
i1 14.46130
</pre>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp36987664"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Paris Smaragdis</td>
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<td>MIT, Cambridge</td>
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<td>1995</td>
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