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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">pop</span>
</h2>
<p>pop —
Pops values from the global stack.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp36703992"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Pops values from the global stack.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp36704640"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">xval1, [xval2, ... , xval31] <span class="command"><strong>pop</strong></span></pre>
<pre class="synopsis">ival1, [ival2, ... , ival31] <span class="command"><strong>pop</strong></span></pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp36714680"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ival1 ... ival31 </em></span> - values to be popped from the stack.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp36715552"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>xval1 ... xval31 </em></span> - values to be popped from the stack.
</p>
<p>
The given values are poped from the stack. The global stack works in LIFO order: after multiple <a class="link" href="push.html" title="push"><em class="citetitle">push</em></a> calls, <span class="emphasis"><em>pop</em></span> should be used in reverse order.
</p>
<p>
Each <a class="link" href="push.html" title="push"><em class="citetitle">push</em></a> or <span class="emphasis"><em>pop</em></span> operation can work on a "bundle" of multiple variables. When using <span class="emphasis"><em>pop</em></span>, the number, type, and order of items must match those used by the corresponding <a class="link" href="push.html" title="push"><em class="citetitle">push</em></a>. That is, after a 'push Sfoo, ibar', you must call something like 'Sbar, ifoo pop', and not e.g. two separate 'pop' statements.
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="push.html" title="push"><em class="citetitle">push</em></a> and <span class="emphasis"><em>pop</em></span> opcodes can take variables of any type (i-, k-, a- and strings). Use of any combination of i, k, a, and S types is allowed. Variables of type 'a' and 'k' are passed at performance time only, while 'i' and 'S' are passed at init time only.
</p>
<p>
push/pop for a, k, i, and S types copy data by value. By contrast, <a class="link" href="push_f.html" title="push_f"><em class="citetitle">push_f</em></a> only pushes a "reference" to the f-signal, and then the corresponding <a class="link" href="pop_f.html" title="pop_f"><em class="citetitle">pop_f</em></a> will copy directly from the original variable to its output signal. For this reason, changing the source f-signal of <a class="link" href="push_f.html" title="push_f"><em class="citetitle">push_f</em></a> before <a class="link" href="pop_f.html" title="pop_f"><em class="citetitle">pop_f</em></a> is called is not recommended, and if the instrument instance owning the variable that was passed by push_f is deactivated before pop_f is called, undefined behavior may occur.
</p>
<p>
Any stack errors (trying to push when there is no more space, or pop from an empty stack, inconsistent number or type of arguments, etc.) are fatal and terminate performance.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See also">
<a id="idp36760600"></a>
<h2>See also</h2>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp36760752"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the pop opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/pop.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">pop.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp36761720"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 603. Example of the pop opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o pop.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="opc">stack</span> 100000
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
a1 <span class="opc">oscils</span> 0.7, 220, 0
k1 <span class="opc">line</span> 0, p3, 1
<span class="opc">push</span> "blah", 123.45, a1, k1
<span class="opc">push</span> <span class="opc">rnd</span>(k1)
k_rnd <span class="opc">pop</span>
S01, i01, a01, k01 <span class="opc">pop</span>
<span class="opc">printf_i</span> "S01 <span class="op">=</span> '<span class="op">%</span>s', i01 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>g\n", 1, S01, i01
ktrig <span class="opc">metro</span> 5.0
<span class="opc">printf</span> "k01 <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>.3f, k_rnd <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>.3f\n", ktrig, k01, k_rnd
<span class="opc">outs</span> a01, a01
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 5
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<p>
<a class="link" href="stack.html" title="stack"><em class="citetitle">stack</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="push.html" title="push"><em class="citetitle">push</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="pop_f.html" title="pop_f"><em class="citetitle">pop_f</em></a> and
<a class="link" href="push_f.html" title="push_f"><em class="citetitle">push_f</em></a>.
</p>
<p>Using this opcode is somewhat hackish, as you can read here: <a class="ulink" href="http://csound.1045644.n5.nabble.com/passing-a-string-to-a-UDO-td1099284.html" target="_top">http://csound.1045644.n5.nabble.com/passing-a-string-to-a-UDO-td1099284.html</a></p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp36766872"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>By: Istvan Varga.</p>
<p>2006</p>
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