<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>pdclip</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="pcount.html" title="pcount" /> <link rel="next" href="pdhalf.html" title="pdhalf" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">pdclip</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pcount.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pdhalf.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry" title="pdclip"> <a id="pdclip"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexPdclip" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">pdclip</span> </h2> <p>pdclip — Performs linear clipping on an audio signal or a phasor. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Description"> <a id="idp35863208"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> The <span class="emphasis"><em>pdclip</em></span> opcode allows a percentage of the input range of a signal to be clipped to fullscale. It is similar to simply multiplying the signal and limiting the range of the result, but <span class="emphasis"><em>pdclip</em></span> allows you to think about how much of the signal range is being distorted instead of the scalar factor and has a offset parameter for assymetric clipping of the signal range. <span class="emphasis"><em>pdclip</em></span> is also useful for remapping phasors for phase distortion synthesis. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Syntax"> <a id="idp35907944"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis">aout <span class="command"><strong>pdclip</strong></span> ain, kWidth, kCenter [, ibipolar [, ifullscale]]</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Initialization"> <a id="idp35909008"></a> <h2>Initialization</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ibipolar</em></span> -- an optional parameter specifying either unipolar (0) or bipolar (1) mode. Defaults to unipolar mode. </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ifullscale</em></span> -- an optional parameter specifying the range of input and output values. The maximum will be <span class="emphasis"><em>ifullscale</em></span>. The minimum depends on the mode of operation: zero for unipolar or -<span class="emphasis"><em>ifullscale</em></span> for bipolar. Defaults to 1.0 -- you should set this parameter to the maximum expected input value. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Performance"> <a id="idp35911048"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>ain</em></span> -- the input signal to be clipped. </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>aout</em></span> -- the output signal. </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kWidth</em></span> -- the percentage of the signal range that is clipped (must be between 0 and 1). </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kCenter</em></span> -- an offset for shifting the unclipped window of the signal higher or lower in the range (essentially a DC offset). Values should be in the range [-1, 1] with a value of zero representing no shift (regardless of whether bipolar or unipolar mode is used). </p> <p> The <span class="emphasis"><em>pdclip</em></span> opcode performs linear clipping on the input signal ain. <span class="emphasis"><em>kWidth</em></span> specifies the percentage of the signal range that is clipped. The rest of the input range is mapped linearly from zero to ifullscale in unipolar mode and from -ifullscale to ifullscale in bipolar mode. When <span class="emphasis"><em>kCenter</em></span> is zero, equal amounts of the top and bottom of the signal range are clipped. A negative value shifts the unclipped range more towards the bottom of the input range and a positive value shifts it more towards the top. ibipolar should be 1 for bipolar operation and 0 for unipolar mode. The default is unipolar mode (ibipolar = 0). ifullscale sets the maximum amplitude of the input and output signals (defaults to 1.0). </p> <p> This amounts to waveshaping the input with the following transfer function (normalized to ifullscale=1.0 in bipolar mode): </p> <p> </p> <div class="literallayout"> <p><br /> 1| _______ x-axis is input range, y-axis is output<br /> | / <br /> | / width of clipped region is 2*kWidth<br /> -1 |/ 1 width of unclipped region is 2*(1 - kWidth)<br /> -------------------- kCenter shifts the unclipped region<br /> /| left or right (up to kWidth)<br /> / |<br /> / |<br /> ------ |-1<br /> </p> </div> <p> </p> <p> Bipolar mode can be used for direct, linear distortion of an audio signal. Alternatively, unipolar mode is useful for modifying the output of a phasor before it is used to index a function table, effectively making this a phase distortion technique. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="See Also"> <a id="idp35916888"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="pdhalf.html" title="pdhalf"><em class="citetitle">pdhalf</em></a>, <a class="link" href="pdhalfy.html" title="pdhalfy"><em class="citetitle">pdhalfy</em></a>, <a class="link" href="limit.html" title="limit"><em class="citetitle">limit</em></a>, <a class="link" href="clip.html" title="clip"><em class="citetitle">clip</em></a>, <a class="link" href="distort1.html" title="distort1"><em class="citetitle">distort1</em></a> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Examples"> <a id="idp35919864"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the pdclip opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/pdclip.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">pdclip.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idp35920832"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 579. Example of the pdclip opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span> <span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> <span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in</span> -odac -iadc <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span> <span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="comment">; -o abs.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="comment">; test instrument for pdclip opcode</span> <span class="oblock">instr</span> 3 idur <span class="op">=</span> p3 iamp <span class="op">=</span> p4 ifreq <span class="op">=</span> p5 ifn <span class="op">=</span> p6 kenv <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, .05, 1.0, idur <span class="op">-</span> .1, 1.0, .05, 0 aosc <span class="opc">oscil</span> 1.0, ifreq, ifn kmod <span class="opc">expseg</span> 0.00001, idur, 1.0 aout <span class="opc">pdclip</span> aosc, kmod, 0.0, 1.0 <span class="opc">out</span> kenv<span class="op">*</span>aout<span class="op">*</span>iamp <span class="oblock">endin</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span> <span class="stamnt">f</span>1 0 16385 10 1 <span class="stamnt">f</span>2 0 16385 10 1 .5 .3333 .25 .5 <span class="comment">; pdclipped sine wave</span> <span class="stamnt">i</span>3 0 3 15000 440 1 <span class="stamnt">i</span>3 + 3 15000 330 1 <span class="stamnt">i</span>3 + 3 15000 220 1 <span class="stamnt">s</span> <span class="comment">; pdclipped composite wave</span> <span class="stamnt">i</span>3 0 3 15000 440 2 <span class="stamnt">i</span>3 + 3 15000 330 2 <span class="stamnt">i</span>3 + 3 15000 220 2 <span class="stamnt">e</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span> <span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Credits"> <a id="idp35923104"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p> </p> <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"> <tr> <td>Author: Anthony Kozar</td> </tr> <tr> <td>January 2008</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p>New in Csound version 5.08</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="pcount.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pdhalf.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">pcount </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> pdhalf</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>