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<a id="IndexShiftL" class="indexterm"></a>
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle"><<</span>
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<p><< —
Bitshift left operator.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp13039744"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
The bitshift operators shift the bits to the left or to the right the number of bits given.
</p>
<p>
The priority of these operators is less binding that the
arithmetic ones, but more binding that the comparisons.
</p>
<p>
Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp13090552"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">a <span class="command"><strong><<</strong></span> b (bitshift left)</pre>
<p>
where the arguments <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>b</em></span> may be further
expressions.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp13092272"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the bitshift left operator. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/bitshift.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">bitshift.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp13093264"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 32. Example of the bitshift left operator.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in</span>
<span class="comment">;-odac -iadc ;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
-o bitshift.wav -W --nosound <span class="comment">;;; for file output any platform </span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 128
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 <span class="comment">;bit shift right</span>
ival <span class="op">=</span> p4<span class="op">></span><span class="op">></span>p5
<span class="opc">printf_i</span> "<span class="op">%</span><span class="opc">i</span><span class="op">></span><span class="op">></span><span class="op">%</span><span class="opc">i</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>i\n", 1, p4, p5, ival
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2 <span class="comment">;bit shift left</span>
ival <span class="op">=</span> p4<span class="op"><</span><span class="op"><</span>p5
<span class="opc">printf_i</span> "<span class="op">%</span><span class="opc">i</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="op"><</span><span class="op">%</span><span class="opc">i</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>i\n", 1, p4, p5, ival
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 0.1 2 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 3 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 7 2
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 16 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 16 2
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 16 3
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 5 0.1 1 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 1 2
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 1 3
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 1 4
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 2 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 2 2
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 2 3
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 3 2
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
<p>The example above will produce the following output:
</p>
<div class="literallayout">
<p>2>>1 = 1<br />
B 0.000 .. 0.100 T 0.100 TT 0.100 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
3>>1 = 1<br />
B 0.100 .. 0.200 T 0.200 TT 0.200 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
7>>2 = 1<br />
B 0.200 .. 0.300 T 0.300 TT 0.300 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
16>>1 = 8<br />
B 0.300 .. 0.400 T 0.400 TT 0.400 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
16>>2 = 4<br />
B 0.400 .. 0.500 T 0.500 TT 0.500 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
16>>3 = 2<br />
B 0.500 .. 5.000 T 5.000 TT 5.000 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
new alloc for instr 2:<br />
1<<1 = 2<br />
B 5.000 .. 5.100 T 5.100 TT 5.100 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
1<<2 = 4<br />
B 5.100 .. 5.200 T 5.200 TT 5.200 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
1<<3 = 8<br />
B 5.200 .. 5.300 T 5.300 TT 5.300 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
1<<4 = 16<br />
B 5.300 .. 5.400 T 5.400 TT 5.400 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
2<<1 = 4<br />
B 5.400 .. 5.500 T 5.500 TT 5.500 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
2<<2 = 8<br />
B 5.500 .. 5.600 T 5.600 TT 5.600 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
2<<3 = 16<br />
B 5.600 .. 5.700 T 5.700 TT 5.700 M: 0.0 0.0<br />
3<<2 = 12</p>
</div>
<p>
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp13097272"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="opbitshr.html" title=">>"><em class="citetitle">>></em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opbitand.html" title="&"><em class="citetitle">&</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opbitor.html" title="|"><em class="citetitle">|</em></a>
<a class="link" href="opnonequiv.html" title="#"><em class="citetitle">#</em></a>
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