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<p>& —
Bitwise AND operator.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp13114560"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
The bitwise operators perform operations of bitwise AND, bitwise
OR, bitwise NOT and bitwise non-equivalence.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp13115288"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">a <span class="command"><strong>&</strong></span> b (bitwise AND)</pre>
<p>
where the arguments <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>b</em></span> may be further expressions. They are
converted to the nearest integer to machine precision and then the
operation is performed.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp13110240"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
The priority of these operators is less binding that the
arithmetic ones, but more binding that the comparisons.
</p>
<p>
Parentheses may be used as above to force particular groupings.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp13111240"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the bitwise AND and OR operators. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/bitwise.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">bitwise.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp13138536"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 33. Example of the bitwise operators.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
iresultOr <span class="op">=</span> p4 <span class="op">|</span> p5
iresultAnd <span class="op">=</span> p4 <span class="op">&</span> p5
<span class="opc">prints</span> "<span class="op">%</span><span class="opc">i</span> <span class="op">|</span> <span class="op">%</span><span class="opc">i</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>i\\n", p4, p5, iresultOr
<span class="opc">prints</span> "<span class="op">%</span><span class="opc">i</span> <span class="op">&</span> <span class="op">%</span><span class="opc">i</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>i\\n", p4, p5, iresultAnd
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2 <span class="comment">; decimal to binary converter</span>
Sbinary <span class="op">=</span> ""
inumbits <span class="op">=</span> 8
icount <span class="opc">init</span> inumbits <span class="op">-</span> 1
<span class="olabel">pass</span><span class="op">:</span>
ivalue <span class="op">=</span> 2 <span class="op">^</span> icount
<span class="octrl">if</span> (p4 <span class="op">&</span> ivalue <span class="op">>=</span> ivalue) then
Sdigit <span class="op">=</span> "1"
<span class="octrl">else</span>
Sdigit <span class="op">=</span> "0"
<span class="octrl">endif</span>
Sbinary <span class="opc">strcat</span> Sbinary, Sdigit
<span class="octrl">loop_ge</span> icount, 1, 0, <span class="olabel">pass</span>
Stext <span class="opc">sprintf</span> "<span class="op">%</span><span class="opc">i</span> is <span class="op">%</span>s <span class="opc">in</span> binary\\n", p4, Sbinary
<span class="opc">prints</span> Stext
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 0.1 1 2
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 1 3
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 2 4
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + . 3 10
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 2 0.1 12
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 9
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 15
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + . 49
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp13140816"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="opbitor.html" title="|"><em class="citetitle">|</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opnonequiv.html" title="#"><em class="citetitle">#</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opbitnot.html" title="¬"><em class="citetitle">¬</em></a>
</p>
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