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<div class="refentry" title="nestedap">
<a id="nestedap"></a>
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<a id="IndexNestedap" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">nestedap</span>
</h2>
<p>nestedap —
Three different nested all-pass filters.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp32702184"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Three different nested all-pass filters, useful for implementing reverbs.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp32702968"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>nestedap</strong></span> asig, imode, imaxdel, idel1, igain1 [, idel2] [, igain2] \
[, idel3] [, igain3] [, istor]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp32711376"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>imode</em></span> -- operating mode of the filter:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
<li class="listitem">
<p>1 = simple all-pass filter</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>2 = single nested all-pass filter</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>3 = double nested all-pass filter</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idel1</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>idel2</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>idel3</em></span> -- delay times of the filter stages. Delay times are in seconds and must be greater than zero. <span class="emphasis"><em>idel1</em></span> must be greater than the sum of <span class="emphasis"><em>idel2</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>idel3</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>igain1</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>igain2</em></span>, <span class="emphasis"><em>igain3</em></span> -- gain of the filter stages.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>imaxdel</em></span> -- will be necessary if k-rate delays are implemented. Not currently used.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>istor</em></span> -- Skip initialization if non-zero (default: 0).
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp32717416"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>asig</em></span> -- input signal
</p>
<p>
If <span class="emphasis"><em>imode</em></span> = 1, the filter takes the form:
</p>
<div class="mediaobject">
<img src="images/imode1.png" alt="Picture of nestedap imode 1 filter." />
<div class="caption">
<p>Picture of imode 1 filter.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
If <span class="emphasis"><em>imode</em></span> = 2, the filter takes the form:
</p>
<div class="mediaobject">
<img src="images/imode2.png" alt="Picture of nestedap imode 2 filter." />
<div class="caption">
<p>Picture of imode 2 filter.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
If <span class="emphasis"><em>imode</em></span> = 3, the filter takes the form:
</p>
<div class="mediaobject">
<img src="images/imode3.png" alt="Picture of nestedap imode 3 filter." />
<div class="caption">
<p>Picture of imode 3 filter.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp32786144"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the nestedap opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/nestedap.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">nestedap.csd</em></a>, and <a class="ulink" href="examples/beats.wav" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">beats.wav</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp32787568"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 505. Example of the nestedap opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in No messages</span>
-odac -iadc -d <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o nestedap.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">kr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 5
insnd <span class="op">=</span> p4
gasig <span class="opc">diskin2</span> insnd, 1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 10
imax <span class="op">=</span> 1
idel1 <span class="op">=</span> p4<span class="op">/</span>1000
igain1 <span class="op">=</span> p5
idel2 <span class="op">=</span> p6<span class="op">/</span>1000
igain2 <span class="op">=</span> p7
idel3 <span class="op">=</span> p8<span class="op">/</span>1000
igain3 <span class="op">=</span> p9
idel4 <span class="op">=</span> p10<span class="op">/</span>1000
igain4 <span class="op">=</span> p11
idel5 <span class="op">=</span> p12<span class="op">/</span>1000
igain5 <span class="op">=</span> p13
idel6 <span class="op">=</span> p14<span class="op">/</span>1000
igain6 <span class="op">=</span> p15
afdbk <span class="opc">init</span> 0
aout1 <span class="opc">nestedap</span> gasig<span class="op">+</span>afdbk<span class="op">*</span>.4, 3, imax, idel1, igain1, idel2, igain2, idel3, igain3
aout2 <span class="opc">nestedap</span> aout1, 2, imax, idel4, igain4, idel5, igain5
aout <span class="opc">nestedap</span> aout2, 1, imax, idel6, igain6
afdbk <span class="opc">butterlp</span> aout, 1000
<span class="opc">outs</span> gasig<span class="op">+</span>(aout<span class="op">+</span>aout1)<span class="op">/</span>2, gasig<span class="op">-</span>(aout<span class="op">+</span>aout1)<span class="op">/</span>2
gasig <span class="op">=</span> 0
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span>1 0 8192 10 1
<span class="comment">; Diskin</span>
<span class="comment">; Sta Dur Soundin</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span>5 0 3 "beats.wav"
<span class="comment">; Reverb</span>
<span class="comment">; St Dur Del1 Gn1 Del2 Gn2 Del3 Gn3 Del4 Gn4 Del5 Gn5 Del6 Gn6</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span>10 0 4 97 .11 23 .07 43 .09 72 .2 53 .2 119 .3
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp32789848"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Hans Mikelson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>February 1999</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>New in Csound version 3.53</p>
<p>The example was updated May 2002, thanks to Hans Mikelson</p>
</div>
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