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<h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="loris"></a>Loris Opcodes</h2>
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<p>These opcodes are an optional component of Csound5. You can check if they are installed by using the command 'csound -z' which lists all available opcodes.</p>
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<p>The Loris family of opcodes wraps:
<a class="link" href="lorisread.html" title="lorisread"><em class="citetitle">lorisread</em></a>
which imports a set of bandwidth-enhanced partials from a SDIF-format data file, applying control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth scaling envelopes, and stores the modified partials in memory;
<a class="link" href="lorismorph.html" title="lorismorph"><em class="citetitle">lorismorph</em></a>,
which morphs two stored sets of bandwidth-enhanced partials and stores a new set of partials representing the morphed sound. The morph is performed by linearly interpolating the parameter envelopes (frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth, or noisiness) of the bandwidth-enhanced partials according to control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth morphing functions, and
<a class="link" href="lorisplay.html" title="lorisplay"><em class="citetitle">lorisplay</em></a>,
which renders a stored set of bandwidth-enhanced partials using the method of Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Synthesis implemented in the Loris software, applying control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth scaling envelopes.
</p>
<p>For more information about sound morphing and manipulation using
Loris and the Reassigned Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Model, visit the
Loris web site at <a class="ulink" href="http://www.cerlsoundgroup.org/Loris" target="_top">www.cerlsoundgroup.org/Loris</a>.</p>
<h3><a id="idp11383784"></a>Examples</h3>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp11436664"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 3. Play the partials wihtout modification</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">;
; Play the partials in clarinet.sdif
; from 0 to 3 sec with 1 ms fadetime
; and no frequency , amplitude, or
; bandwidth modification.
;</span>
<span class="oblock">instr 1</span>
ktime <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, p3, 3.0 <span class="comment">; linear time function from 0 to 3 seconds</span>
<span class="opc">lorisread</span> ktime, "clarinet.sdif", 1, 1, 1, 1, .001
asig <span class="opc">lorisplay</span> 1, 1, 1, 1
<span class="opc">out</span> asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
<br class="example-break" />
<div class="example">
<a id="idp11440336"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 4. Add tuning and vibrato</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">; Play the partials in clarinet.sdif
; from 0 to 3 sec with 1 ms fadetime
; adding tuning and vibrato, increasing the
; "breathiness" (noisiness) and overall
; amplitude, and adding a highpass filter.
;</span>
<span class="oblock">instr 2</span>
ktime <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, p3, 3.0 <span class="comment">; linear time function from 0 to 3 seconds</span>
<span class="comment">; compute frequency scale for tuning</span>
<span class="comment">; (original pitch was G#4)</span>
ifscale <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">cpspch</span>(p4)<span class="op">/</span><span class="opc">cpspch</span>(8.08)
<span class="comment">; make a vibrato envelope</span>
kvenv <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, p3/6, 0, p3/6, .02, p3/3, .02, p3/6, 0, p3/6, 0
kvib <span class="opc">oscil</span> kvenv, 4, 1 <span class="comment">; table 1, sinusoid</span>
kbwenv <span class="opc">linseg</span> 1, p3<span class="op">/</span>6, 1, p3<span class="op">/</span>6, 2, 2<span class="op">*</span>p3<span class="op">/</span>3, 2
<span class="opc">lorisread</span> ktime, "clarinet.sdif", 1, 1, 1, 1, .001
a1 <span class="opc">lorisplay</span> 1, ifscale<span class="op">+</span>kvib, 2, kbwenv
a2 <span class="opc">atone</span> a1, 1000 <span class="comment">; highpass filter, cutoff 1000 Hz</span>
<span class="opc">out</span> a2
<span class="oblock">endin</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
<br class="example-break" />
<p>The instrument in the first example synthesizes a clarinet tone from
beginning to end using partials derived from reassigned
bandwidth-enhanced analysis of a three-second clarinet tone, stored in
a file, <code class="filename">clarinet.sdif</code>. The instrument in Example 2 adds tuning and
vibrato to the clarinet tone synthesized by instr 1, boosts its
amplitde and noisiness, and applies a highpass filter to the
result. The following score can be used to test both of the
instruments described above.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">; make sinusoid in table 1</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 4096 10 1
<span class="comment">; play instr 1</span>
<span class="comment">; strt dur</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 3
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 6
<span class="stamnt">s</span>
<span class="comment">; play instr 2</span>
<span class="comment">; strt dur ptch</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 1 3 8.08
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 3.5 1 8.04
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 4 6 8.00
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 4 6 8.07
<span class="stamnt">e</span></pre>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp11457008"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 5. Morph partials</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">; Morph the partials in clarinet.sdif into the
; partials in flute.sdif over the duration of
; the sustained portion of the two tones (from
; .2 to 2.0 seconds in the clarinet, and from
; .5 to 2.1 seconds in the flute). The onset
; and decay portions in the morphed sound are
; specified by parameters p4 and p5, respectively.
; The morphing time is the time between the
; onset and the decay. The clarinet partials are
; shfited in pitch to match the pitch of the flute
; tone (D above middle C).
;</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
ionset <span class="op">=</span> p4
idecay <span class="op">=</span> p5
itmorph <span class="op">=</span> p3 <span class="op">-</span> (ionset <span class="op">+</span> idecay)
ipshift <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">cpspch</span>(8.02)<span class="op">/</span><span class="opc">cpspch</span>(8.08)
<span class="comment">; clarinet time function, morph from .2 to 2.0 seconds</span>
ktcl <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, ionset, .2, itmorph, 2.0, idecay, 2.1
<span class="comment">; flute time function, morph from .5 to 2.1 seconds</span>
ktfl <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, ionset, .5, itmorph, 2.1, idecay, 2.3
kmurph <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, ionset, 0, itmorph, 1, idecay, 1
<span class="opc">lorisread</span> ktcl, "clarinet.sdif", 1, ipshift, 2, 1, .001
<span class="opc">lorisread</span> ktfl, "flute.sdif", 2, 1, 1, 1, .001
<span class="opc">lorismorph</span> 1, 2, 3, kmurph, kmurph, kmurph
asig <span class="opc">lorisplay</span> 3, 1, 1, 1
<span class="opc">out</span> asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
<br class="example-break" />
<div class="example">
<a id="idp11466072"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 6. More morphing</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">; Morph the partials in trombone.sdif into the
; partials in meow.sdif. The start and end times
; for the morph are specified by parameters p4
; and p5, respectively. The morph occurs over the
; second of four pitches in each of the sounds,
; from .75 to 1.2 seconds in the flutter-tongued
; trombone tone, and from 1.7 to 2.2 seconds in
; the cat's meow. Different morphing functions are
; used for the frequency and amplitude envelopes,
; so that the partial amplitudes make a faster
; transition from trombone to cat than the frequencies.
; (The bandwidth envelopes use the same morphing
; function as the amplitudes.)
;</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2
ionset <span class="op">=</span> p4
imorph <span class="op">=</span> p5 <span class="op">-</span> p4
irelease <span class="op">=</span> p3 <span class="op">-</span> p5
kttbn <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, ionset, .75, imorph, 1.2, irelease, 2.4
ktmeow <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, ionset, 1.7, imorph, 2.2, irelease, 3.4
kmfreq <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, ionset, 0, .75*imorph, .25, .25*imorph, 1, irelease, 1
kmamp <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, ionset, 0, .75*imorph, .9, .25*imorph, 1, irelease, 1
<span class="opc">lorisread</span> kttbn, "trombone.sdif", 1, 1, 1, 1, .001
<span class="opc">lorisread</span> ktmeow, "meow.sdif", 2, 1, 1, 1, .001
<span class="opc">lorismorph</span> 1, 2, 3, kmfreq, kmamp, kmamp
asig <span class="opc">lorisplay</span> 3, 1, 1, 1
<span class="opc">out</span> asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
<br class="example-break" />
<p>The instrument in the first morphing example performs a sound morph
between a clarinet tone and a flute tone using reassigned
bandwidth-enhanced partials stored in <code class="filename">clarinet.sdif</code> and
<code class="filename">flute.sdif</code>.</p>
<p>The morph is performed over the sustain portions of the tones,
2. seconds to 2.0 seconds in the case of the clarinet tone and .5
seconds to 2.1 seconds in the case of the flute tone. The time index
functions, ktcl and ktfl, align the onset and decay portions of the
tones with the specified onset and decay times for the morphed sound,
specified by parameters p4 and p5, respectively. The onset in the
morphed sounds is purely clarinet partial data, and the decay is
purely flute data. The clarinet partials are shifted in pitch to match
the pitch of the flute tone (D above middle C).</p>
<p>The instrument in the second morphing example performs a sound morph
between a flutter-tongued trombone tone and a cat's meow using
reassigned bandwidth-enhanced partials stored in <code class="filename">trombone.sdif</code> and
<code class="filename">meow.sdif</code>. The data in these SDIF files have been channelized and
distilled to establish correspondences between partials.</p>
<p>The two sets of partials are imported and stored in memory
locations labeled 1 and 2, respectively. Both of the original sounds
have four notes, and the morph is performed over the second note in
each sound (from .75 to 1.2 seconds in the flutter-tongued trombone
tone, and from 1.7 to 2.2 seconds in the cat's meow). The different
time index functions, kttbn and ktmeow, align those segments of the
source and target partial sets with the specified morph start, morph
end, and overall duration parameters. Two different morphing functions
are used, so that the partial ammplitudes and bandwidth coefficients
morph quickly from the trombone values to the cat's-meow values, and
the frequencies make a more gradual transition. The morphed partials
are stored in a memory location labeled 3 and rendered by the
subsequent lorisplay instruction. They could also have been used as a
source for another morph in a three-way morphing instrument. The
following score can be used to test both of the instruments described
above.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">; play instr 1</span>
<span class="comment">; strt dur onset decay</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 3 .25 .15
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 1 .10 .10
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 6 1. 1.
<span class="stamnt">s</span>
<span class="comment">; play instr 2</span>
<span class="comment">; strt dur morph_start morph_end</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 0 4 .75 2.75
<span class="stamnt">e</span></pre>
<h3><a id="idp11482800"></a>Credits</h3>
<p>This implementation of the Loris unit generators was written by Kelly
Fitz (<a class="ulink" href="mailto:loris@cerlsoundgroup.org" target="_top">loris@cerlsoundgroup.org</a>).</p>
<p>It is patterned after a prototype implementation of the <span class="emphasis"><em>lorisplay</em></span> unit generator written by Corbin Champion, and based on the method of Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Synthesis and on the sound morphing algorithms implemented in the Loris library for sound modeling and manipulation. The opcodes were further adapted as a plugin for Csound 5 by Michael Gogins.</p>
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