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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">looptseg</span>
</h2>
<p>looptseg —
Generate control signal consisting of exponential or linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp29056448"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Generate control signal consisting of controllable exponential segments or linear segments delimited by two or more specified points. The entire envelope is looped at <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> rate. Each parameter can be varied at k-rate.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp29097912"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ksig <span class="command"><strong>looptseg</strong></span> kfreq, ktrig, ktime0, kvalue0, ktype0, [, ktime1] [, kvalue1] [,ktype1] \
[, ktime2] [, kvalue2] [,ktype2] [...][, ktimeN] [, kvalueN]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp29099288"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ksig</em></span> -- Output signal.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> -- Repeat rate in Hz or fraction of Hz.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktrig</em></span> -- If non-zero, retriggers the envelope from start (see <a class="link" href="trigger.html" title="trigger"><em class="citetitle">trigger opcode</em></a>), before the envelope cycle is completed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktime0...ktimeN</em></span> -- Times of points; expressed in fraction of a cycle.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kvalue0...kvalueN</em></span> -- Values of points
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>ktype0...ktypeN</em></span> -- shape of the envelope. If the value is 0 then the shap eis linear; otherwise it is an concave exponential (positive type) or a convex exponential (negative type).
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>looptseg</em></span> opcode is similar to <a class="link" href="transeg.html" title="transeg"><em class="citetitle">transeg</em></a>, but the entire envelope is looped at <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> rate. Notice that times are not expressed in seconds but in fraction of a cycle. Actually each duration represent is proportional to the other, and the entire cycle duration is proportional to the sum of all duration values.
</p>
<p>
The sum of all duration is then rescaled according to <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> argument. For example, considering an envelope made up of 3 segments, each segment having 100 as duration value, their sum will be 300. This value represents the total duration of the envelope, and is actually divided into 3 equal parts, a part for each segment.
</p>
<p>
Actually, the real envelope duration in seconds is determined by <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span>. Again, if the envelope is made up of 3 segments, but this time the first and last segments have a duration of 50, whereas the central segment has a duration of 100 again, their sum will be 200. This time 200 represent the total duration of the 3 segments, so the central segment will be twice as long as the other segments.
</p>
<p>
All parameters can be varied at k-rate. Negative frequency values are allowed, reading the envelope backward. <span class="emphasis"><em>ktime0</em></span> should always be set to 0, except if the user wants some special effect.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp29108088"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the looptseg opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/looptseg.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">looptseg.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp29109080"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 407. Example of the looptseg opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">;-o looptseg.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
kfreq <span class="opc">linseg</span> 10, p3<span class="op">*</span>.5, 1, p3<span class="op">*</span>.5, 5 <span class="comment">; vary speed</span>
ktyp <span class="opc">linseg</span> 100, p3<span class="op">*</span>.5, <span class="op">-</span>5, p3<span class="op">*</span>.5, <span class="op">-</span>20 <span class="comment">; change form of segment</span>
<span class="comment">;klp looptseg kfreq,ktrig,ktime0,kvalue0,ktype0,ktime1,kvalue1,ktype1,ktime2,kvalue2,ktype2,ktime3,kvalue3</span>
klp <span class="opc">looptseg</span> kfreq, 0, 0, 0, ktyp, .6, .9, <span class="op">-</span>10, .8, .4, 1, .1, 0
asig <span class="opc">poscil3</span> klp, 440, 1
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="comment">; sine wave.</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 16384 10 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 12
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp29111392"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="lpshold.html" title="lpshold"><em class="citetitle">lpshold</em></a>
<a class="link" href="loopseg.html" title="loopseg"><em class="citetitle">loopseg</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp29112904"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>Author: John ffitch</p>
<p>New in Version 5.12</p>
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