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<div class="refentry" title="linenr">
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">linenr</span>
</h2>
<p>linenr —
The <span class="emphasis"><em>linen</em></span> opcode extended with a final release segment.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp28310576"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>linenr</em></span> -- same as <a class="link" href="linen.html" title="linen"><em class="citetitle">linen</em></a> except that the final segment is entered only on sensing a MIDI note release. The note is then extended by the decay time.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp28359208"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>linenr</strong></span> xamp, irise, idec, iatdec</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>linenr</strong></span> kamp, irise, idec, iatdec</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp28361008"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>irise</em></span> -- rise time in seconds. A zero or negative value signifies no rise modification.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span> -- decay time in seconds. Zero means no decay. An <span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span> > <span class="emphasis"><em>idur</em></span> will cause a truncated decay.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>iatdec</em></span> -- attenuation factor by which the closing steady state value is reduced exponentially over the decay period. This value must be positive and is normally of the order of .01. A large or excessively small value is apt to produce a cutoff which is audible. A zero or negative value is illegal.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp28363544"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kamp, xamp</em></span> -- input amplitude signal.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>linenr</em></span> is unique within Csound in containing a <span class="emphasis"><em>note-off sensor</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>release time extender</em></span>. When it senses either a score event termination or a MIDI noteoff, it will immediately extend the performance time of the current instrument by <span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span> seconds, then execute an exponential decay towards the factor <span class="emphasis"><em>iatdec</em></span>. For two or more units in an instrument, extension is by the greatest <span class="emphasis"><em>idec</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
You can use other pre-made envelopes which start a release segment upon recieving a note off message, like <a class="link" href="linsegr.html" title="linsegr"><em class="citetitle">linsegr</em></a> and <a class="link" href="expsegr.html" title="expsegr"><em class="citetitle">expsegr</em></a>, or you can construct more complex envelopes using <a class="link" href="xtratim.html" title="xtratim"><em class="citetitle">xtratim</em></a> and <a class="link" href="release.html" title="release"><em class="citetitle">release</em></a>. Note that you don't need to use <a class="link" href="xtratim.html" title="xtratim"><em class="citetitle">xtratim</em></a> if you are using <span class="emphasis"><em>linenr</em></span>, since the time is extended automatically.
</p>
<p>
These <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">r</span>”</span> units can also be modified by MIDI noteoff velocities (see veloffs).
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp28369776"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the linenr opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/linenr.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">linenr.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp28370744"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 390. Example of the linenr opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in</span>
-odac -iadc -M0 <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O with MIDI in</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="comment">; Example by Jonathan Murphy and Charles Gran 2007</span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="comment">; new, and important. Make sure that midi note events are only</span>
<span class="comment">; received by instruments that actually need them.</span>
<span class="comment">; turn default midi routing off</span>
<span class="ohdr">massign</span> 0, 0
<span class="comment">; route note events on channel 1 to instr 1</span>
<span class="ohdr">massign</span> 1, 1
<span class="comment">; Define your midi controllers</span>
<span class="omacro">#define</span> C1 #21#
<span class="omacro">#define</span> C2 #22#
<span class="omacro">#define</span> C3 #23#
<span class="comment">; Initialize MIDI controllers</span>
<span class="opc">initc7</span> 1, 21, 0.5 <span class="comment">;delay send</span>
<span class="opc">initc7</span> 1, 22, 0.5 <span class="comment">;delay: time to zero</span>
<span class="opc">initc7</span> 1, 23, 0.5 <span class="comment">;delay: rate </span>
gaosc <span class="opc">init</span> 0
<span class="comment">; Define an opcode to "smooth" the MIDI controller signal</span>
<span class="oblock">opcode</span> smooth, k, <span class="opc">k</span>
kin <span class="opc">xin</span>
kport <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, 0.0001, 0.01, 1, 0.01
kin <span class="opc">portk</span> kin, kport
<span class="opc">xout</span> kin
<span class="oblock">endop</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
<span class="comment">; Generate a sine wave at the frequency of the MIDI note that triggered the intrument</span>
ifqc <span class="opc">cpsmidi</span>
iamp <span class="opc">ampmidi</span> 10000
aenv <span class="opc">linenr</span> iamp, .01, .1, .01 <span class="comment">;envelope</span>
a1 <span class="opc">oscil</span> aenv, ifqc, 1
<span class="comment">; All sound goes to the global variable gaosc</span>
gaosc <span class="op">=</span> gaosc <span class="op">+</span> a1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 198 <span class="comment">; ECHO</span>
kcmbsnd <span class="opc">ctrl7</span> 1, 21, 0, 1 <span class="comment">;delay send</span>
ktime <span class="opc">ctrl7</span> 1, 22, 0.01, 6 <span class="comment">;time loop fades out</span>
kloop <span class="opc">ctrl7</span> 1, 23, 0.01, 1 <span class="comment">;loop speed</span>
<span class="comment">; Receive MIDI controller values and then smooth them</span>
kcmbsnd smooth kcmbsnd
ktime smooth ktime
kloop smooth kloop
imaxlpt <span class="op">=</span> 1 <span class="comment">;max loop time</span>
<span class="comment">; Create a variable reverberation (delay) of the gaosc signal</span>
acomb <span class="opc">vcomb</span> gaosc, ktime, kloop, imaxlpt, 1
aout <span class="op">=</span> (acomb <span class="op">*</span> kcmbsnd) <span class="op">+</span> gaosc <span class="op">*</span> (1 <span class="op">-</span> kcmbsnd)
<span class="opc">outs</span> aout, aout
gaosc <span class="op">=</span> 0
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span>1 0 16384 10 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span>198 0 10000
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
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<p><br class="example-break" />
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp28373016"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="linsegr.html" title="linsegr"><em class="citetitle">linsegr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="expsegr.html" title="expsegr"><em class="citetitle">expsegr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="envlpxr.html" title="envlpxr"><em class="citetitle">envlpxr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="mxadsr.html" title="mxadsr"><em class="citetitle">mxadsr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="madsr.html" title="madsr"><em class="citetitle">madsr</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="envlpx.html" title="envlpx"><em class="citetitle">envlpx</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="linen.html" title="linen"><em class="citetitle">linen</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="xtratim.html" title="xtratim"><em class="citetitle">xtratim</em></a>
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