<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>lfo</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" /> <link rel="prev" href="ksmps.html" title="ksmps" /> <link rel="next" href="limit.html" title="limit" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">lfo</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ksmps.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="limit.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry" title="lfo"> <a id="lfo"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="Indexlfo" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">lfo</span> </h2> <p>lfo — A low frequency oscillator of various shapes. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Description"> <a id="idp28178528"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> A low frequency oscillator of various shapes. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Syntax"> <a id="idp28179256"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>lfo</strong></span> kamp, kcps [, itype]</pre> <pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>lfo</strong></span> kamp, kcps [, itype]</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Initialization"> <a id="idp28166904"></a> <h2>Initialization</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>itype</em></span> (optional, default=0) -- determine the waveform of the oscillator. Default is 0. </p> <div class="itemizedlist"> <ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"> <li class="listitem"> <p><span class="emphasis"><em>itype</em></span> = 0 - sine</p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p><span class="emphasis"><em>itype</em></span> = 1 - triangles</p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p><span class="emphasis"><em>itype</em></span> = 2 - square (bipolar)</p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p><span class="emphasis"><em>itype</em></span> = 3 - square (unipolar)</p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p><span class="emphasis"><em>itype</em></span> = 4 - saw-tooth</p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p><span class="emphasis"><em>itype</em></span> = 5 - saw-tooth(down)</p> </li> </ul> </div> <p> </p> <p> The sine wave is implemented as a 4096 table and linear interpolation. The others are calculated. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Performance"> <a id="idp28220632"></a> <h2>Performance</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kamp</em></span> -- amplitude of output </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>kcps</em></span> -- frequency of oscillator </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Examples"> <a id="idp28222000"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the lfo opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/lfo.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">lfo.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idp28222976"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 386. Example of the lfo opcode.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span> <span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> -odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span> <span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span> <span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="comment">; -o lfo.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100 <span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32 <span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2 <span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1 <span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 kcps <span class="op">=</span> 5 itype <span class="op">=</span> p4 <span class="comment">;lfo type</span> klfo <span class="opc">line</span> 0, p3, 20 al <span class="opc">lfo</span> klfo, kcps, itype asig <span class="opc">poscil</span> .5, 220<span class="op">+</span>al, 1 <span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig <span class="oblock">endin</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span> <span class="comment">; sine wave.</span> <span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 32768 10 1 <span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 3 0 <span class="comment">;lfo = sine</span> <span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 3 2 <span class="comment">;lfo = square</span> <span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 3 5 <span class="comment">;lfo = saw-tooth down</span> <span class="stamnt">e</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span> <span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Credits"> <a id="idp28225272"></a> <h2>Credits</h2> <p> </p> <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist"> <tr> <td>Author: John ffitch</td> </tr> <tr> <td>University of Bath/Codemist Ltd.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bath, UK</td> </tr> <tr> <td>November 1998</td> </tr> </table> <p> </p> <p>New in Csound version 3.491</p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ksmps.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="limit.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">ksmps </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> limit</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>