<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>#include</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" />
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1" />
<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" />
<link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" />
<link rel="prev" href="define.html" title="#define" />
<link rel="next" href="undef.html" title="#undef" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="navheader">
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
<tr>
<th colspan="3" align="center">#include</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="define.html">Prev</a> </td>
<th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th>
<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="undef.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="refentry" title="#include">
<a id="include"></a>
<div class="titlepage"></div>
<a id="IndexMultiFileOrch" class="indexterm"></a>
<a id="IndexIncludeOrch" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">#include</span>
</h2>
<p>#include —
Includes an external file for processing.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp12332712"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Includes an external file for processing.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp12333416"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>#include</strong></span> <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">filename</span>”</span></pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp12334568"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
It is sometimes convenient to have the orchestra arranged in a number of files, for example with each instrument in a separate file. This style is supported by the <span class="emphasis"><em>#include</em></span> facility which is part of the macro system. A line containing the text
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="omacro">#include</span> "filename"</pre>
</div>
<p>
where the character " can be replaced by any suitable character. For most uses the double quote symbol will probably be the most convenient. The file name can include a full path.
</p>
<p>
This takes input from the named file until it ends, when input reverts to the previous input.
<span class="emphasis"><em>Note: </em></span>Csound versions prior to 4.19 had a limit of 20 on the depth of included files and macros.
</p>
<p>
Another suggested use of <span class="emphasis"><em>#include</em></span> would be to define a set of macros which are part of the composer's style.
</p>
<p>
An extreme form would be to have each instrument defines as a macro, with the instrument number as a parameter. Then an entire orchestra could be constructed from a number of <span class="emphasis"><em>#include</em></span> statements followed by macro calls.
</p>
<div class="informalexample">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="omacro">#include</span> "clarinet"
<span class="omacro">#include</span> "flute"
<span class="omacro">#include</span> "bassoon"
$CLARINET(1)
$FLUTE(2)
$BASSOON(3)</pre>
</div>
<p>
It must be stressed that these changes are at the textual level and so take no cognizance of any meaning.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp12341040"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the include opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/include.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">include.csd</em></a>, and <a class="ulink" href="examples/table1.inc" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">table1.inc</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp12342456"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 13. Example of the include opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">/* table1.inc */
; Table #1, a sine wave.</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 16384 10 1
<span class="comment">/* table1.inc */</span></pre>
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out Audio in</span>
-odac -iadc <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o include.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">kr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 10
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="comment">; Instrument #1 - a basic oscillator.</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
kamp <span class="op">=</span> 10000
kcps <span class="op">=</span> 440
ifn <span class="op">=</span> 1
a1 <span class="opc">oscil</span> kamp, kcps, ifn
<span class="opc">out</span> a1
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="comment">; Include the file for Table #1.</span>
#include "table1.inc"
<span class="comment">; Play Instrument #1 for 2 seconds.</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 2
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp12345184"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: John ffitch</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>University of Bath/Codemist Ltd.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bath, UK</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>April 1998</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>Example written by Kevin Conder.</p>
<p>New in Csound version 3.48</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr />
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="define.html">Prev</a> </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="undef.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">#define </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> #undef</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
distrib
>
Mageia
>
5
>
x86_64
>
media
>
core-release
>
by-pkgid
>
b707d9a4ee443103660a75ccb6e51334
>
files
>
2005
