<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>gauss</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" />
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1" />
<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" />
<link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" />
<link rel="prev" href="gainslider.html" title="gainslider" />
<link rel="next" href="gaussi.html" title="gaussi" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="navheader">
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
<tr>
<th colspan="3" align="center">gauss</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="gainslider.html">Prev</a> </td>
<th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th>
<td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="gaussi.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr />
</div>
<div class="refentry" title="gauss">
<a id="gauss"></a>
<div class="titlepage"></div>
<a id="IndexGaussXClass" class="indexterm"></a>
<a id="IndexGauss" class="indexterm"></a>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">gauss</span>
</h2>
<p>gauss —
Gaussian distribution random number generator.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp25011456"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Gaussian distribution random number generator. This is an x-class noise generator.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp25049336"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>gauss</strong></span> krange</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">ires <span class="command"><strong>gauss</strong></span> krange</pre>
<pre class="synopsis">kres <span class="command"><strong>gauss</strong></span> krange</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp25051800"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span> -- the range of the random numbers (-<span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span> to +<span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span>). Outputs both positive and negative numbers.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>gauss</em></span> returns random numbers following a normal distribution centered around 0.0 (mu = 0.0) with a variance (sigma) of <span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span> / 3.83. Thus more than 99.99%
of the random values generated are in the range -<span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span> to +<span class="emphasis"><em>krange</em></span>. If a mean value different of 0.0 is desired, this mean value has to
be added to the generated numbers (see example below).
</p>
<p>
For more detailed explanation of these distributions, see:
</p>
<div class="orderedlist">
<ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<p>C. Dodge - T.A. Jerse 1985. Computer music. Schirmer books. pp.265 - 286</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p>D. Lorrain. A panoply of stochastic cannons. In C. Roads, ed. 1989. Music machine . Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT press, pp. 351 - 379.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp25056264"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the gauss opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/gauss.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">gauss.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp25057232"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 316. Example of the gauss opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
-d -o dac
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
irange <span class="op">=</span> p4
imu <span class="op">=</span> p5
isamples <span class="op">=</span> p6
indx <span class="op">=</span> 0
icount <span class="op">=</span> 1
ix <span class="op">=</span> 0.0
ix2 <span class="op">=</span> 0.0
<span class="olabel">loop</span><span class="op">:</span>
i1 <span class="opc">gauss</span> irange
i1 <span class="op">=</span> i1 <span class="op">+</span> imu
ix <span class="op">=</span> ix <span class="op">+</span> i1
ix2 <span class="op">=</span> ix2 <span class="op">+</span> i1<span class="op">*</span>i1
<span class="octrl">if</span> i1 <span class="op">>=</span> <span class="op">-</span>(irange<span class="op">+</span>imu) <span class="op">&&</span> i1 <span class="op"><=</span> (irange<span class="op">+</span>imu) then
icount <span class="op">=</span> icount<span class="op">+</span>1
<span class="octrl">endif</span>
<span class="octrl">loop_lt</span> indx, 1, isamples, <span class="olabel">loop</span>
imean <span class="op">=</span> ix <span class="op">/</span> isamples <span class="comment">;mean value</span>
istd <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">sqrt</span>(ix2<span class="op">/</span>isamples <span class="op">-</span> imean<span class="op">*</span>imean) <span class="comment">;standard deviation</span>
<span class="opc">prints</span> "mean <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>3.3f, std <span class="op">=</span> <span class="op">%</span>3.3f, ", imean, istd
<span class="opc">prints</span> "samples inside the given range<span class="op">:</span> <span class="op">%</span>3.3f\<span class="op">%</span>\n", icount<span class="op">*</span>100.0<span class="op">/</span>isamples
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 0.1 1.0 0 100000 <span class="comment">; range = 1, mu = 0.0, sigma = 1/3.83 = 0.261</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0.1 0.1 3.83 0 100000 <span class="comment">; range = 3.83, mu = 0.0, sigma = 1</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0.2 0.1 5.745 2.7 100000 <span class="comment">; range = 5.745, mu = 2.7, sigma = 5.745/3.83 = 1.5</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like this:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
mean = 0.000, std = 0.260, samples inside the given range: 99.993%
mean = 0.005, std = 0.999, samples inside the given range: 99.998%
mean = 2.700, std = 1.497, samples inside the given range: 100.000%</pre>
<p>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp25060088"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="seed.html" title="seed"><em class="citetitle">seed</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="betarand.html" title="betarand"><em class="citetitle">betarand</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="bexprnd.html" title="bexprnd"><em class="citetitle">bexprnd</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="cauchy.html" title="cauchy"><em class="citetitle">cauchy</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="exprand.html" title="exprand"><em class="citetitle">exprand</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="linrand.html" title="linrand"><em class="citetitle">linrand</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="pcauchy.html" title="pcauchy"><em class="citetitle">pcauchy</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="poisson.html" title="poisson"><em class="citetitle">poisson</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="trirand.html" title="trirand"><em class="citetitle">trirand</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="unirand.html" title="unirand"><em class="citetitle">unirand</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="weibull.html" title="weibull"><em class="citetitle">weibull</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp25065928"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: Paris Smaragdis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MIT, Cambridge</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1995</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>Precisions about mu and sigma added by François Pinot after a discussion with
Joachim Heintz on the Csound List, December 2010.</p>
<p>Example written by François Pinot, adapted from a csd file by Joachim Heintz, December 2010.</p>
<p>Existed in 3.30</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="navfooter">
<hr />
<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="gainslider.html">Prev</a> </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="gaussi.html">Next</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">gainslider </td>
<td width="20%" align="center">
<a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a>
</td>
<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> gaussi</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
distrib
>
Mageia
>
5
>
x86_64
>
media
>
core-release
>
by-pkgid
>
b707d9a4ee443103660a75ccb6e51334
>
files
>
1766
