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<div class="refentry" title="fmbell">
<a id="fmbell"></a>
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<a id="IndexFmbell" class="indexterm"></a>
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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">fmbell</span>
</h2>
<p>fmbell —
Uses FM synthesis to create a tublar bell sound.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp23539768"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Uses FM synthesis to create a tublar bell sound. It comes from a family of FM sounds, all using 4 basic oscillators and various architectures, as used in the TX81Z synthesizer.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp23540760"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">ares <span class="command"><strong>fmbell</strong></span> kamp, kfreq, kc1, kc2, kvdepth, kvrate, ifn1, ifn2, ifn3, \
ifn4, ivfn[, isus]</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Initialization">
<a id="idp23593384"></a>
<h2>Initialization</h2>
<p>
All these opcodes take 5 tables for initialization. The first 4 are the basic inputs and the last is the low frequency oscillator (LFO) used for vibrato. The last table should usually be a sine wave.
</p>
<p>
The initial waves should be:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>ifn1</em></span> -- sine wave</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>ifn2</em></span> -- sine wave</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>ifn3</em></span> -- sine wave</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>ifn4</em></span> -- sine wave</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
The optional argument <span class="emphasis"><em>isus</em></span> controls how long the
sound lasts, or how quickly it decays. It defaults to 4.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Performance">
<a id="idp23597264"></a>
<h2>Performance</h2>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kamp</em></span> -- Amplitude of note.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> -- Frequency of note played.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kc1, kc2</em></span> -- Controls for the synthesizer:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist">
<ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc">
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>kc1</em></span> -- Mod index 1</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>kc2</em></span> -- Crossfade of two outputs</p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<p><span class="emphasis"><em>Algorithm</em></span> -- 5</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kvdepth</em></span> -- Vibrator depth
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>kvrate</em></span> -- Vibrator rate
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp23601528"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the fmbell opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/fmbell.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">fmbell.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp23602504"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 274. Example of the fmbell opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o fmbell.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
kamp <span class="op">=</span> p4
kfreq <span class="op">=</span> 880
kc1 <span class="op">=</span> p5
kc2 <span class="op">=</span> p6
kvdepth <span class="op">=</span> 0.005
kvrate <span class="op">=</span> 6
asig <span class="opc">fmbell</span> kamp, kfreq, kc1, kc2, kvdepth, kvrate, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2
kamp <span class="op">=</span> p4
kfreq <span class="op">=</span> 880
kc1 <span class="op">=</span> p5
kc2 <span class="op">=</span> p6
kvdepth <span class="op">=</span> 0.005
kvrate <span class="op">=</span> 6
asig <span class="opc">fmbell</span> kamp, kfreq, kc1, kc2,
kvdepth, kvrate, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, p7
<span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="comment">; sine wave.</span>
<span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 32768 10 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 3 .2 5 5
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 4 .3 .5 1
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 8 12 .2 5 5 16
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 + 12 .3 .5 1 12
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp23604808"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="fmb3.html" title="fmb3"><em class="citetitle">fmb3</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="fmmetal.html" title="fmmetal"><em class="citetitle">fmmetal</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="fmpercfl.html" title="fmpercfl"><em class="citetitle">fmpercfl</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="fmrhode.html" title="fmrhode"><em class="citetitle">fmrhode</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="fmwurlie.html" title="fmwurlie"><em class="citetitle">fmwurlie</em></a>
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Credits">
<a id="idp23607808"></a>
<h2>Credits</h2>
<p>
</p>
<table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
<tr>
<td>Author: John ffitch (after Perry Cook)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>University of Bath, Codemist Ltd.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bath, UK</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
</p>
<p>New in Csound version 3.47</p>
<p>Optional argument new in 5.16</p>
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