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<h2>
<span class="refentrytitle">exp</span>
</h2>
<p>exp —
Returns e raised to the x-th power.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" title="Description">
<a id="idp19480104"></a>
<h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Returns e raised to the <span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span>th power.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Syntax">
<a id="idp19480984"></a>
<h2>Syntax</h2>
<pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>exp</strong></span>(x) (no rate restriction)</pre>
<p>
where the argument within the parentheses may be an expression. Value converters perform arithmetic translation from units of one kind to units of another. The result can then be a term in a further expression.
</p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="Examples">
<a id="idp19501024"></a>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<p>
Here is an example of the exp opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/exp.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">exp.csd</em></a>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<a id="idp19502000"></a>
<p class="title">
<strong>Example 213. Example of the exp opcode.</strong>
</p>
<div class="example-contents">
<p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o exp.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span>
<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span>1
gisine <span class="ohdr">ftgen</span> 0, 0, 2^10, 10, 1 <span class="comment">;table for a sine wave</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 <span class="comment">;master instrument</span>
koct <span class="opc">linseg</span> 6, p3, 12 <span class="comment">; octave register straight rising from 6 to 12</span>
kexp <span class="opc">linseg</span> 0, p3<span class="op">/</span>3, 5, p3<span class="op">/</span>3, 5, p3<span class="op">/</span>3, 0 <span class="comment">;exponent goes from 0 to 5 and back</span>
kdens <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">exp</span>(kexp) <span class="comment">;density is e to the power of kexp</span>
<span class="opc">printks</span> "Generated events per second<span class="op">:</span> <span class="op">%</span>d\n", 1, kdens
ktrig <span class="opc">metro</span> kdens <span class="comment">;trigger single notes in kdens frequency</span>
<span class="octrl">if</span> ktrig <span class="op">==</span> 1 then
<span class="comment">;call instr 10 for 1/kdens duration, .5 amplitude and koct register</span>
<span class="opc">event</span> "i", 10, 0, 1<span class="op">/</span>kdens, .5, koct
<span class="octrl">endif</span>
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="oblock">instr</span> 10 <span class="comment">;performs one tone</span>
ioct <span class="opc">rnd31</span> 1, 0 <span class="comment">;random deviation maximum one octave plus/minus</span>
aenv <span class="opc">transeg</span> p4, p3, <span class="op">-</span>6, 0 <span class="comment">;fast decaying envelope for p4 amplitude</span>
asin <span class="opc">poscil</span> aenv, <span class="opc">cpsoct</span>(p5<span class="op">+</span>ioct), gisine <span class="comment">;sine for p5 octave register plus random deviation</span>
<span class="opc">outs</span> asin, asin
<span class="oblock">endin</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span>
<span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 30
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span>
<span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<p><br class="example-break" />
Its output should include lines like this:
</p>
<pre class="screen">
Generated events per second: 1
rtevent: T 0.000 TT 0.000 M: 0.00000 0.00000
new alloc for instr 10:
rtevent: T 0.811 TT 0.811 M: 0.48906 0.48906
new alloc for instr 10:
Generated events per second: 2
rtevent: T 1.387 TT 1.387 M: 0.48611 0.48611
rtevent: T 1.833 TT 1.833 M: 0.48421 0.48421
Generated events per second: 3
rtevent: T 2.198 TT 2.198 M: 0.47536 0.47536
rtevent: T 2.506 TT 2.506 M: 0.46530 0.46530
rtevent: T 2.773 TT 2.773 M: 0.44986 0.44986
Generated events per second: 4
rtevent: T 3.009 TT 3.009 M: 0.48096 0.48096
.........</pre>
<p>
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<div class="refsect1" title="See Also">
<a id="idp19523752"></a>
<h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="abs.html" title="abs"><em class="citetitle">abs</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="frac.html" title="frac"><em class="citetitle">frac</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="int.html" title="int"><em class="citetitle">int</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="log.html" title="log"><em class="citetitle">log</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="log10.html" title="log10"><em class="citetitle">log10</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="opi.html" title="i"><em class="citetitle">i</em></a>,
<a class="link" href="sqrt.html" title="sqrt"><em class="citetitle">sqrt</em></a>
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<div class="refsect1">
<a id="idp19526960"></a>
<p>New in version 4.21</p>
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