<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>GEN07</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" /> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1" /> <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" /> <link rel="up" href="ScoregensTop.html" title="Score Statements and GEN Routines" /> <link rel="prev" href="GEN06.html" title="GEN06" /> <link rel="next" href="GEN08.html" title="GEN08" /> </head> <body> <div class="navheader"> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"> <tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">GEN07</th> </tr> <tr> <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="GEN06.html">Prev</a> </td> <th width="60%" align="center">Score Statements and GEN Routines</th> <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="GEN08.html">Next</a></td> </tr> </table> <hr /> </div> <div class="refentry" title="GEN07"> <a id="GEN07"></a> <div class="titlepage"></div> <a id="IndexGEN07" class="indexterm"></a> <div class="refnamediv"> <h2> <span class="refentrytitle">GEN07</span> </h2> <p>GEN07 — Constructs functions from segments of straight lines. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Description"> <a id="idp77300048"></a> <h2>Description</h2> <p> Constructs functions from segments of straight lines. </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Syntax"> <a id="idp77300792"></a> <h2>Syntax</h2> <pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>f</strong></span> # time size 7 a n1 b n2 c ...</pre> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Initialization"> <a id="idp77352896"></a> <h2>Initialization</h2> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>size </em></span> -- number of points in the table. Must be a power of 2 or power-of-2 plus 1 (see <a class="link" href="f.html" title="f Statement (or Function Table Statement)"><em class="citetitle">f statement</em></a>). </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>a, b, c,</em></span> etc. -- ordinate values, in odd-numbered pfields p5, p7, p9, . . . </p> <p> <span class="emphasis"><em>n1, n2</em></span>, etc. -- length of segment (no. of storage locations), in even-numbered pfields. Cannot be negative, but a zero is meaningful for specifying discontinuous waveforms (e.g. in the example below). The sum <span class="emphasis"><em>n1</em></span> + <span class="emphasis"><em>n2</em></span> + .... will normally equal <span class="emphasis"><em>size</em></span> for fully specified functions. If the sum is smaller, the function locations not included will be set to zero; if the sum is greater, only the first <span class="emphasis"><em>size</em></span> locations will be stored. </p> <div class="note" title="Note" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;"> <table border="0" summary="Note: Note"> <tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"> <img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png" /> </td> <th align="left">Note</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top"> <p> </p> <div class="itemizedlist"> <ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"> <li class="listitem"> <p> If p4 is positive, functions are post-normalized (rescaled to a maximum absolute value of 1 after generation). A negative p4 will cause rescaling to be skipped. </p> </li> <li class="listitem"> <p> Discrete-point linear interpolation implies an increase or decrease along a segment by equal differences between adjacent locations; exponential interpolation implies that the progression is by equal ratio. In both forms the interpolation from <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> to <span class="emphasis"><em>b</em></span> is such as to assume that the value <span class="emphasis"><em>b</em></span> will be attained in the n + 1th location. For discontinuous functions, and for the segment encompassing the end location, this value will not actually be reached, although it may eventually appear as a result of final scaling. </p> </li> </ul> </div> <p> </p> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="Examples"> <a id="idp77359896"></a> <h2>Examples</h2> <p> Here is an example of the GEN07 routine. It uses the files <a class="ulink" href="examples/gen07.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">gen07.csd</em></a>. </p> <div class="example"> <a id="idp77360872"></a> <p class="title"> <strong>Example 1043. An example of the GEN07 routine.</strong> </p> <div class="example-contents"> <pre class="programlisting"> <span class="csdtag"><CsoundSynthesizer></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsOptions></span> <span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span> -odac <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span> <span class="comment">;-iadc ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span> <span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span> <span class="comment">; -o gen07.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsOptions></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsInstruments></span> <span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100 <span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32 <span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2 <span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1 <span class="oblock">instr</span> 1 <span class="comment">;use GEN07 to alter frequency</span> ifn <span class="op">=</span> p4 <span class="comment">;use different GEN07 tables</span> kcps <span class="opc">init</span> 10<span class="op">/</span>p3 <span class="comment">;index ftable 10 times over the duration of entire note</span> kndx <span class="opc">phasor</span> kcps ixmode <span class="op">=</span> 1 <span class="comment">;normalize index data</span> kfrq <span class="opc">tablei</span> kndx, ifn, ixmode kfrq <span class="op">=</span> kfrq<span class="op">*</span>1000 <span class="comment">;scale</span> asig <span class="opc">poscil</span> .8, 1220<span class="op">+</span>kfrq, 1 <span class="comment">;add to frequency</span> <span class="opc">outs</span> asig, asig <span class="oblock">endin</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsInstruments></span> <span class="csdtag"><CsScore></span> <span class="stamnt">f</span> 1 0 8192 10 1 <span class="comment">;sine wave</span> <span class="stamnt">f</span> 2 0 1024 7 0 512 1 0 -1 512 0 <span class="comment">;sawtooth up and down</span> <span class="stamnt">f</span> 3 0 1024 7 1 512 1 0 -1 512 -1 <span class="comment">;square</span> <span class="stamnt">f</span> 4 0 1024 7 1 1024 -1 <span class="comment">;saw down</span> <span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 2 2 <span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 2 3 <span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 + 1 4 <span class="stamnt">e</span> <span class="csdtag"></CsScore></span> <span class="csdtag"></CsoundSynthesizer></span> </pre> </div> </div> <p><br class="example-break" /> <span>These are the diagrams of the waveforms of the GEN07 routines, as used in the example:</span> </p> <div class="mediaobject"> <img src="images/gen07_1.png" alt="f 2 0 1024 7 0 512 1 0 -1 512 0 - sawtooth up and down, starting and ending at 0" /> <div class="caption"> <p>f 2 0 1024 7 0 512 1 0 -1 512 0 - sawtooth up and down, starting and ending at 0</p> </div> </div> <p> </p> <div class="mediaobject"> <img src="images/gen07_2.png" alt="f 3 0 1024 7 1 512 1 0 -1 512 -1 - a square from positive to negative" /> <div class="caption"> <p>f 3 0 1024 7 1 512 1 0 -1 512 -1 - a square from positive to negative</p> </div> </div> <p> </p> <div class="mediaobject"> <img src="images/gen07_3.png" alt="f 4 0 1024 7 1 1024 -1 - sawtooth down, a straight line from positive to negative" /> <div class="caption"> <p>f 4 0 1024 7 1 1024 -1 - sawtooth down, a straight line from positive to negative</p> </div> </div> <p> </p> </div> <div class="refsect1" title="See Also"> <a id="idp77367656"></a> <h2>See Also</h2> <p> <a class="link" href="GEN05.html" title="GEN05"><em class="citetitle">GEN05</em></a>, <a class="link" href="GEN06.html" title="GEN06"><em class="citetitle">GEN06</em></a>, and <a class="link" href="GEN08.html" title="GEN08"><em class="citetitle">GEN08</em></a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="navfooter"> <hr /> <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="GEN06.html">Prev</a> </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="u" href="ScoregensTop.html">Up</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="GEN08.html">Next</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">GEN06 </td> <td width="20%" align="center"> <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a> </td> <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> GEN08</td> </tr> </table> </div> </body> </html>