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____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="Codes"></a></p>
<h2>Format Specification: gCAD3D Codes:</h2>
____________________________________________________________________________
<A HREF='#fmt1'>General format</A>
<A HREF='#fmtf'>File format</A>
<A HREF='#V'>Variable</A>
<A HREF='#P'>Points</A>
<A HREF='#L'>Lines</A>
<A HREF='#D'>Vectors</A>
<A HREF='#C'>Circles</A>
<A HREF='#S'>Curves</A>
<A HREF='CAD_PLN_en.htm'>Plane / Reference system</A>
<A HREF='#A'>Surfaces</A>
<A HREF='#B'>Solids</A>
<A HREF='#N'>Notes / Dimensions</A>
<A HREF='#M'>Models</A>
<A HREF='#T'>Transformations</A>
<A HREF='#I'>Interactions</A>
<A HREF='CAD_Jnt_en.htm'>Joints</A>
<A HREF='#U'>Group</A>
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="fmt1"></a></p>
<h2>General format</h2>
____________________________________________________________________________
There are 2 types of codes:
Definition code: Generates geometric objects.
The format is: (name) = (parameter)
for example. "P20=P(100 0 0)"
Execution codes: State changes, which will be executed immediately
consist of a direct statement,
eg "DEFCOL 0 0 220 (default colour blue)
or program codes,
for example. "pri "P20=" P20"
<B>Object name</B> (database ID):
Consists of the letters and the DB-index,
for example: P123 is a point with the reference number 123
<p><a name="Codeletters"></a></p>
<B>Codeletters:</B>
A = Area (surface)
B = Body (Solid)
C = Circle (circle),
D = Direction (vector)
I = Interaction
L = Line
M = Model, Sub-model, mockup model, standard part of
N = Note, Tag, bitmap image
P = Point (points) R = Refsys (reference system-level)
S = Spline (Parameter., B-spline, polygon, Conic Sections)
T = Transformation (Translation display rotation)
U = Union (Group)
V = Variable (value number.)
<B>DB-index:</B>
0 (zero) can not be used (is the current object)
Is a positive number for permanent objects,
Is a negative number for temporary objects that are dynamically generated.
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="fmtf"></a></p>
<h2>File format</h2>
____________________________________________________________________________
Structure of Model files:
The model files contain all geometric objects as text (ascii).
The sequence is:
- subModels
- main model.
All subModels start with this line:
SECTION {sectionTyp} {parameter}
and end with:
SECTIONEND
subModels can be:
- Models SECTION MODEL {modelname}
- Meshes SECTION MESH {modelname} {ObjID}
- point Tables SECTION PTAB {modelname} {ObjID}
see also <a href="#fmtsub">Fileformat of subModels</a>
<b>Example model file:</b>
# 2010/11/29-18:37:05
P1=P(0 0)
P2=P(200 20)
# Line from 2 points
L1=P1 P2
# circle from Center, Radius
C1=P(50 100) 25
# area from circle
A1=C1
# Ende
If you save a model file as {base}/tmp/Model, it will be loaded
wenn the program starts.
{base} normally is ~/gCAD3D/.
<b>Example model file with subModel:</b>
# 2010/11/29-18:37:05
SECTION MODEL SM1
# Cone from 1 Points 2 radius
B1=CON P(0 0) P(0 0 12) VAL(16) VAL(12)
SECTIONEND
# 2 references of submodel
M1="SM1" P(0 0)
M1="SM1" P(50 0)
# End
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="V"></a></p>
<h2>Variable</h2>
Identification key for a variable is V.
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <A HREF="CAD_Var_en.htm">CAD functions variable</A>
<B>Direct assignment to a variable:</B>
Example:
V20 = 10
<B>The following constants are used:</B>
RAD_360 PI * 2 6.2831853071795862319
RAD_180 PI 3.1415926535897932384 R
AD_90 PI / 2 1.5707963267948965579
RAD_1 PI / 180 0.0174532925199432954
SR_3 SQRT(3) 1.732050808
SR_2 SQRT(2) 1.414213562
Example: V21 = V20 * TAN (RAD_90)
<B>The following functions can be used:</B>
The /X/Y/Z coordinates of a point value on:
V21 = X(P20)
The radius of a circle on :
V20 = C20
Length between 2 points:
V20 = P20 P21
Length of a trail:
V20 = L20
Normal distance of a point from a distance:
V20 = P20 L20
Basic account types + - / *
V20 = 10
V21 = V20 +10
# result 20
V22 = 10 + V21 * 3
result is 70
V22 = 10 + V21 * 3
# result is 90 - corresponds to V22=(10+V21)*3
V20=20*2
# !! Error - "20*2" or "20 * 2"
The power function ^
V1 = 4^0.5
# result is 2 (4 to the power 0.5)
The mathematics functions (SQRT () SIN () COS () TAN () ASIN () ACOS () ATAN ()):
V23 = SQRT(V22)
Absolute value (the sign is always positive)
V24 = ABS(V20)
Integer - the numbers after the decimal point are removed
V25 = FIX(1.8)
# result is 1.0
Rounding. 1.3 becomes 1.0, 1.8 becomes 2.0, -1.3 becomes -1.0, -1.8 becomes -2.0.
V26=RND(V20)
Numeric variables taken over indirectly through function VAL();
Example: C10=P10 VAL(C5)
(It is the radius of the C5 over).
Display the content of variables:
PRI "V26 = " V26
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="P"></a></p>
<h2>Point</h2>
Identification letter code of a point is P.
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <A HREF="CAD_PT_de.htm">CAD-point functions,</A>
see also <A HREF="#P_Copy">point from copy function</A>
- Enter a point (with the keyboard:)
by entering a defined point, for example, "P12"
by the X/Y/Z-components, "10 , 0.0 "defines a point at a distance 10 on the X axis.
- Selection of a point, the name, eg" P20
<B>Selection of points on linear objects:</B>
start / end of a line, side: 1 = starting point, 2 = endpoint.
P20 = L20 MOD (1)
start / end point of a circle: 1 = starting point, 2 = endpoint.
P28 = C22 MOD (2)
start / end point of a curve, according to Page.
P10 = S10 page
Endpoints of a polygon:
P10 = S{polygon} MOD({Item Number})
A polygon vertex of a contour:
P # = P(S{ccv} MOD({ccvSegNr}) MOD({polgonPtNr}))
Points within the endpoints are represented parametrically:
P # = P({baseObj} {LPAR})
Example - point in the middle of the object line-20: P20 = P(L20 0.5)
Point on a contour line: P = P(S{ccv} MOD({ccvSegNr}) {LPAR})
The point with index 0 is always the current position,
so it can be only be used for one step.
<p><a name="P_Copy"></a></p>
<B>Point copy function (parametric)</B>
These formats are generated when selection functions:
# point on line, circle, polygon, spline:
P({obj} {parameter value})
# start or end of line/circle/polygon/spline
# or point on a polygon point: P({obj} MOD({Item Number})
# point on line/circle/polygon/spline in a CCV
P({obj} MOD({CCV segment number}) {parameter value})
# start or end point of line/circle/polygon/spline in a CCV
# or point on a polygon in a point CCV:
P({obj} MOD({CCV segment number}) MOD({number point}))
# Parametric point on a surface:
P(A# {uPar} {vPar})
<u>Example:</u>
# dot in the middle of the CCV 1.segment the S26:
P(S26 MOD(1) 0.5)
<B>Standard definitions:</B>
P21 = P(10,20,30)
3D point absolute
P2 = P1, D1 item
P1 to move by the vector D1.
P1 = P2, D1, distance
Move point P1 in the direction of the vector to the distance D1 distance.
P11 = R1 P10
transformation of the point P10 in the reference system R1 (level R1).
P11 = R1, 10 0 point
P11 is on the X-axis of the reference system is R1.
P11 = P10 R1
projection of the point P10 to the level of R1.
P3 = P2, X (10), Y (10)
point relative (in the distance 10 , 10 of p2)
P5 = P4, ANG (90), distance
polar relative (basis point, angle, distance)
P3 = P1, P2
point in the middle of producing.
P3 = P1, D (P1, P2), distance
off track.
point with certain distance from P1 to P1 -> P2 off.
The direction is determined by the angle of the line P1 -> P2.
P11 = P1, D (L1), distance
from a distance away from a point along a line with certain distance off.
P2 = P1, D (L1), distance, normal distance
from a distance away from a point off.
The distance is in the direction of the line removed,
the normal distance to the line is normally worn. Example:
p1 = p1, d (l1), val (100), val (50)
P1 is 100 mm in the direction l1 moved,
then he will be 50 mm in the direction normal to l1 moved
P3 = P1, P2, turn angle
point ( focus, position, angle) Example:
P3 = P1, P2, ANG (180)
P2 is 180 degrees turned around P1.
P1 = L1, page start or endpoint of a line (corresponding page)
P2 = P1, L1
point on line projection.
P4 = L1 L2
intersection line - line
P41 = L20 A20
intersection Line - B-SplineFläche
P6 = C1
circle centre point
P7 = P1 C1 [page]
Fair point on a circle (the circle is projected).
The standard solution is the immediate point.
MOD (2) defines the remote point.
P5 = L1 C1 side
line-circle intersection.
P6 = C1 C2 page
2-intersection point on,
the circles projecting curve: Point point = curve number)
P11 = P1 S10 MOD (1)
P1 P11 is now a standard on S10 at point P11.
MOD (1) = page - the first solution.
The point with index 0 is always the current position, so it can be only one step can be used.
<I>Implicit point definitions:</I>
for example, the line with endpoints P (L20 MOD (1)):
L20 = P (-300 10) P ( -260 40)
N21 = DIM P (L20 MOD (1)) P (L20 MOD (2)) P (-280 -40) ANG (0)
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="L"></a></p>
<h2>Line</h2>
Identification key for Line is L.
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <a href="CAD_LN_de.htm">CAD-Function Linie</a>
see also <a href="#L_Copy">line from copyfunction</a>
Definition of a line by:
entering a line (with the keyboard)
by entering a defined line, for example, "L12"
with input from 2 points, for example, "P (0 0 0) P (10 0 0)"
by entering point and angle, for example, "P (10 0 0) ANG (45)"
by entering point and vector, eg "P20 D (0 0 1)"
Horizontal line: Entering the Y value, eg 'Y (10) "
Vertical Line: Enter the X value, eg "X (10)"
- selection of a linei
provides the name, for example, "L20"
- selection of a line in a contour (CCV):
L(S{ccv} MOD({ccvSegNr}))
polygon segment from a CCV:
L(S{ccv} MOD({ccvSegNr}) MOD({polgonSegNr}))
<p><a name="L_Copy"></a></p>
<h2>line from copyfunction</h2>
Objectselections create this formats:
# Line of Polygonsegment
# or Line of Line in CCV:
L({obj} MOD({SegmentNumber}))
# Line of Polygonsegment in CCV:
L({obj} MOD({CCV-SegmentNumber}) MOD({SegmentNumber}))
<u>Example:</u>
# Line of 1.Segment of CCV S26 (a Line):
L(S26 MOD(1))
<B>Standardformats:</B>
L1 = P1 P(100 100)
line between 2 points
L2 = Y (10)
L2 = DX P20 Y (10) Z (10)
line parallel to the current X-axis, through one point.
A Y-offset and/or Z offset can be defined.
L1 = X (10) L2 = DY P20
line parallel to the current Y-axis, by one point.
An X-offset and / or Z offset can be defined.
L2 = DZ P20
line parallel to the current Z-axis, through one point.
An X Offset and / or Y offset can be defined.
line through point with a fixed angle
L3 = P1 ANG(45)
line through point with direction (vector)
L4 = P1 D(L1)
parallel to line L1 or:
L = PL
line by point and the Z-axis of circle/plane:
L = L P
C = P R
L4 = P1 D(L1) ANG(90)
line by point with angle relative to the other line.
ANG (0): parallel to line L1; ANG( 90): normal.
line parallel to line spacing.
L8 = L8 side distance
L1 = L1 VAL (10) HIY
line as a center (where l1, l2 parallel)
or as an angle bisector (through the intersection).
L9 = L1 L2
line as angle bisector, additionally rotated.
L9 = L1 L2 ANG(90)
line tangential to circle, parallel to line.
C1 D L1 = (L1) side
line tangent to circle with a fixed angle
L1 = C1, D (ANG(45)), page
line through point, tangential to circle
L5 = P1 C1, side
line tangent to 2 circles (Location: in out)
L5 = c1, c2, place, side
cut line between two planes.
L10 = R20 R21
projection of a line on a plane.
L21 = L20 R20
tangent line through point P10 to S10 curve.
L10 = P10 S10 MOD(1)
<I>Implicit Line Definitions:</I>
L20 = L(Start Point Endpoint)
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="D"></a></p>
<h2>Vector / direction</h2>
Identification key for a vector is the letter D ( "Direction").
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <A HREF="CAD_Vec_en.htm">CAD functions vector/direction,</A>
see also <A HREF="#D_Copy">vector from copyfunction</A>
A vector defines a direction and is not bound to any position.
representation of vectors:
- vectors are only temporarily displayed,
- Always in the center of the picture.
- Normalized vectors (with length 1) in black, otherwise red.
The following are standard vectors:
DX DY DZ
according to standard axis directions;
DIX DIY DIZ
correspond to the inverse standard axis directions
Definition of a vector by:
- select a line or a circle (normal vector)
or a plane (normal vector) or by 2 points
- Selection of a vector by Page Up/Page Down (picture) keys
- enter a standard vector (with the keyboard:)
DX or DY or DZ or inverse to DIX DIY DIZ
- entering a vector (with the keyboard):
defined by entering a vector, for example, "D12"
by the X / Y / Z-components, "0,0,1" defines a Z-vector
by one or two angles (rotateangle, tiltangle)
The last parameter may be "REV" (vector is shown reverse).
As the penultimate parameter the vector length can be specified.
Example: "DX 2" or "DX 2 REV"
<U>For example:</U>
# vector 1 = direction negative X-axis
D1 = DIX
# 2 = vector in direction x = 1, y = 1 in the XY plane
D2 = D(1 1 0)
<p><a name="D_Copy"></a></p>
<B>vector from copyfunction</B>
These formats are generated from selection functions:
# vector of line:
D (L{number})
# vector of polygon segment
# or vector of line in a CCV:
D ((obj) MOD ((segment number)))
# vector of line in a vector CCV
# or polygon segment in a CCV:
P ((obj) MOD({CCV-segment number}) MOD({segment-number}))
<U>Example:</U> # vector from 1.segment the CCV S26 (one line):
P (S26 MOD(1))
<B>Standard formats</B>
defined by vector direction and length.
D = D(dx, dy [, dz]) [length] [ "REV"]
D1 = DX 100
D2 = D (10 0)
D3 = D (0.7 0 0.7) 100
D3 = ANG(30) 100
definition 2D by 2D-vector angle and vector length (optional).
The angle defines the direction in the XY plane.
D4 = ANG(90) ANG(30) 100
Definition vector by rotation-angle, tilt-angle and vector length (optional).
First rotate around Z-axis, then around the new Y-axis.
ANG(0) ANG(0) - gives Vector 1,0,0
ANG(90) ANG(0) - gives Vector 0,1,0
ANG(90) ANG(30) - gives Vector 0,0.9,0.5
ANG(180) ANG(30) - gives Vector -0.9,0,0.5
D5 = P1 P2
D5 = P1 P2 100
D5 is a vector route from P1 to P2. Length optional
D6 = L10 100
Vector in the direction of the line. Length is optional.
Main/sub-axis of Circ, ellipse, Plane through Modifier:
1 = Z-axis,
2 = X-axis (ellipse: major axis),
3 = Y-axis (ellipse: In addition to axis),
4 = inverse X-axis
5 = inverse Y-axis
Example:
D20 = C20 MOD(2)
provides the X-axis of the C20
Normal vectors:
D = Circle
D = Plane
D = Point Point Point
D = Line Line
D = Line Point
D = Vector Line
D = Vector Point Point
(All in addition to length and "REV" is possible).
Examples:
D7 = C10 100
# vector in the direction of the Z-axis circle of C10, length 100
D7 = R10 REV
# vector in the opposite direction of the Z-axis level of R10.
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="C"></a></p>
<h2>Circle / Arc</h2>
Identification key for circle/arc is C
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <A HREF="CAD_AC_en.htm">CAD functions circle / arc (Circle / Arc)</A>
Definition of a circle by defining an arc by:
- C (Start Point Endpoint centre [Z-axis] [Rotation direction])
- C (endpoint center [Z-axis] [Rotation direction])
Points here with index "P20" or "xCoord yCoord [Z (zCoord]"
For example: | C (25 0 0 25 0 0)
If the starting point, then the endpoint is the last P(), L() or C() - the definition used.
- Selection of a circle,
the name, eg "C20"
- selection of a circle in a Contour (CCV):
C (S{ccv} MOD({ccvSegNumber}))
Deviation:
The deviation for the presentation of the circles can be set directly in Standards/Tolerances with tolerances for the representation – Polygon."
Furthermore, by changing the Model size (MODSIZ) the deviation is set.
Parameter direction of rotation:
<B>CW</B> (clockwise) or
<B>CCW</B> (counter-clockwise)
The specification of CCW is not required (default).
The turning point is valid if the spin axis of the eye of the beholder shows.
# Circle copy
C2 = C1
<B>Standard formats:</B>
# concentrically. circles. Negative radius difference shrinks the circle.
C2 = C1 (radius differential)
# center point, point at the periphery [Z-axis vector]
C3 = P1 P2
C3 = P1 P2 D(1 0 1)
# center, tangential to Line/Circ
C1 = P1 L1
C1 = P1 C1
# Tangential to 2 elements, radius.
# C1 = P1, L1, Radius, page
# C2 = P1, C1, Radius, page
# C5 = L1, L2, Radius, page
# C5 = L1, C1, radius, Page
# C5 = C1, C2, Radius, page
L1 = X (10)
L2 = Y (10)
C1 = L1 L2 VAL(5) MOD(1)
# 2 points on the scale radius. page on which the center is located.
# C1 = P1 P2 radius side Z-axis vector
P20 = P(98.6 5.4 0)
P21 = P(114.5 -15.2 0)
C22 = P20 P21 VAL(12) MOD(1) DR
# point at the periphery, tangent, radius .
#C1 = P1 L1 radius side
L20 = P(44.6 -32.8 0) P(86.5 -69.3 0)
P26 = P(56.2 -35.5 0)
C21 = P26 L20 VAL(8) MOD(2)
# point at the periphery, tangential to a circle.
# C2 = P1 C1 radius page
C20 = P (114.5 -15.2 0) VAL (12) DR
P27 = P (96.9 -19.7 0)
C21 = P27 C20 VAL (8) MOD (1)
# Circle through three edge points
C20 = P (0 0) P (10 0) P (10 10)
<B>Arc (limited circles):</B>
Start center point of rotation angle Z-axis vector
C21 = ARC P20 P21 ANG(90) DZ
Circ ARC starting point endpoint center [Z] [Rotation direction]
Arc from start point endpoint center (center axis of rotation direction)
Rotation direction: CW (clockwise) or CCW (counter-clockwise, default).
The turning point is valid if the spin axis of the eye of the beholder shows.
C20 = ARC P1 P2 P3
C31 = ARC P(10,0,10) P(0,10,10) P(0,0,10) =
C32 = ARC P(10,0,0) P(0,0,10) P( 0,0,0) D(0,1,0) CW
Circ ARC start point, end point, radius, Z-axis
Arc from start point endpoint radius center axis
Radius: positive for clockwise, negative for counter-clockwise.
C21 ARC = P(251 23 0) P(189 75 0) VAL(50) DZ
Double arc through the starting point, starting direction, and radius. off direction: the tangent to the circle in the Start point. A vector.
Angle: start angle, optional, default is 360 degrees.
Axis vector optional.
[CW / CCW] is the direction of rotation; optional ( "CW").
Example: End tangents of a Clothoid as the start direction.
S20 = CLOT P(0 0 0) DX ANG(30) 0 10
P20 = P(S20 1)
D20 = TNG P20 S20
C20 = ARC P20 D20 25 ANG(30)
Arc through three points on the edge
C20 = ARC1 P (0 0) P (10 0) P (10 10)
<B>Implicit Definition of circles/arcs:</B>
C ((starting point) (end) (center) [Z] [Direction])
C ((end) (center) [Z] [Direction])
here only points with index "P20" or "xCoord yCoord [Z (zCoord] "
Example: C(25 0 0 25 0 0)
<B>Circle from copyfunction</B>
These formats are generated when selecting features
Circle from CCV:
C(S{ccv} MOD({ccvSegNumber}))
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="S"></a></p>
<h2>Splines/Curves</h2>
Identification letter for curves is S (spline).
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <A HREF="CAD_CV_en.htm">CAD functions for curves</A>
Polygon
ellipse
Clothoide
free-form curve (B-Spline)
contour (compound curve)
polynomial curve (currently only import programs or MANual)
<B>Standard sizes ellipse:</B>
ellipse from center, endpoint main axis, endpoint Besides axis:
S1 = ELL P (100 0) P (150 0) P (100 20)
ellipse from center, the main vector, vector addition axis:
S1 = ELL P(100 0) D(10 0) D(0 5)
(the vectors defining the direction and length of main and secondary axes)
Limited ellipse from center, main axis vector, secondary axis vector, starting point and end point:
S1 ELL = P(0 0) D(10 0) D(0 5) P(10 0) P(-10 0)
projection of an ellipse from circle on plane:
S20 = R20 ELL C20
<B>Standard formats polygon:</B>
Parallelogram from one point and 2 vectors:
S = REC pt1 vec1 vec2
(vectors: the direction and length!)
S20 = REC P(100 0 0) D(50 0 0) D(0 12 0)
Polygon of points:
S# = POL, point1, point2 <POINT3, .. pointn>
P20=P(10,10)
P21=P(20,20,15)
P22=P(25,20)
S24=POL P20 P21 P22 P(30,12,0) P(30,10,10) P(40,30,10)
Polygon projected onto plane
S#=POL Polygon Refsys
S20=POL P(30,0) P(30,10,10) P(40,30,20)
S21=POL S20 R0
3D-Polygon from B-Spline:
S#=POL,B-Spline,Tolerance
<B>Standard formats Clothoids:</B>
Create a clothoid curve (by a planar spiral through Fresnel integrals).
Start Point Start Point
Start Vector Start direction (or vector angle)
Angle Difference Angle off direction-toward the end point is positive, clockwise (CW);
negative: counterclockwise (CCW).
Start radius Radius at the start point, or 0 for infinite radius
EndRadius Radius at the end point or 0 to infinity
[Z-Axis] Normal vector; optional.
S20 = CLOT P(0 0 0) ANG( 0) ANG(30) 0 10
Example Model: see sample_cloth1.gcad
To export a clothoid curve:
DXF: Output as POLYLINE.
Iges: output entity 106 (CopiousData, form 12 = 3D polygon).
<B>Standard formats B-spline:</B>
B-spline from control points/node vector:
S-bsp=BSP, ptNr, degree, control points, node vector, startup parameters, end parameter
ptNr = number of control points,
control points: the control points, number = ptNr, 3 values (X/Y/Z).
node vector: the distance parameter, number = ptNr + degree + 1
S20 GNP, 6.3, -178,109,0, -166,128,0, -144,109,0, -109,112,0, -106,134,0, -119.138, 0,0,0 , 0,0,0.333333,0.666667,1,1,1,1,0,1
B-Spline from points:
S-bsp = BSP{points} [, degree] [, CTRL]
CTRL: whether the defined points are transit points or control points.
P20 = P (78.9)
P21 = P (66.28)
P22 = P (44,9,25)
P23 = P (9.12)
P24 = P (6.34)
# B-spline from Points
S20 + BSP, P20, P21, P22, P23, P24
B-spline from polygon:
S-bsp = BSP {polygon} [, degree] [, CTRL]
CTRL: whether the defined points are transit points or control points.
P20 = P (78.9)
P21 = P (66.28)
P22 = P (44,9,25)
P23 = P (9.12)
P24 = P (6.34)
# B-spline from points
S20 = GNP, P20 , P21, P22, P23, P24
# Polygon from Points:
DRAW OFF
S21 = POL, P20, P21, P22, P23, P24
# BSpline from Polygon
DRAW ON
S22=BSP, S21
B-Spline = isoparametric curve from a surface
Currently from B-Spline surface only, entry point instead of parameter value has not yet been implemented
S-bsp = ISO {B-Spline surface} {parameter value} [{direction}]
(Modifier CX = across; Default = along)
# cross-section curve in the middle of the Surface A20:
S20 = ISO A20 0.5 CX
<B>Standard format contour (compound curve):</B>
Contour ("concatenated Curve"-CCV),
The contour begins and ends at a point.
Elements: points, lines, circles, curves.
Following circles and curves, the direction of rotation (CW or CCW) can be defined.
It will automatically be formed normal to lines and arcs.
Format:
S# = CCV {contour elements}
Example:
C20 = P(39.26) VAL( 22)
S20 = CCV P (7.25) C20 CW P (35.58)
<B>Standard format polynomial curve:</B>
Polynomial curve from evaluating a polynomial:
S# = PSP3, arc1{, arc2, .. arcn}
Polynomial curve with 1-n arcs.
An arc comprises 13 numbers, the distance value and the evaluated polynomial
xa, ya, za, xb, yb, zb, xc, yc, zc and xd, yd, zd.
xa, ya, za defines a passage point.
S20=PSP3,0,3.84815,0.967105,0,0.577021,0.207039,0,0,0,0,-0.169071,0.140166,0, 1,4.2561,1.31431,0,0.069808,0.627537,0,-0.507212,0.420498,0,0.341924, -0.327596,0,2,4.16062,2.03475,0,0.081155,0.485747,0,0.518559,-0.562288,0, -0.183075,0.224101,0,3,4.57726,2.18231,0,0.56905,0.033474,0,-0.030664, 0.110016,0,-0.060996,-0.13481,0,4,5.05465,2.19099,0,0.324734,-0.150924,0, -0.213651,-0.294414,0,0.071217,0.098138,0,5,5.23695,1.84379,0,0.111083, -0.445338,0,0,0,0,0.427303,0.588828,0
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="A"></a></p>
<h2>Surfaces</h2>
Identification letter is A ("Area")
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <a href="CAD_SUR_en.htm">CAD-Functions Surfaces</a>
Unlimited surfaces:
Spherical surface
Cylindrical surface
Surface of revolution
Ruled surface
Freeform surface
Limited planar surface with islands:
- Create the boundaries
- Optional: Create the islands (holes)
- Create limited surface from support boundaries [Islands]
Limited surface on support surface with islands:
- Create the boundaries
- Optional: Create the islands (holes)
- Create the supporting surface (a unlimited surface)
- Create limited surface from support surface, boundaries [Islands]
Shaded surfaces
Surfaces for mockup models:
Fan area
Strip Area
____________________________________________________________________________
<a name="PF"></a>
<b>Standard format planar surface:</b>
Planar surface, trimmed, punched or perforated:
A = boundary curve [Islands ...]
Boundary curve, islands: a circle, an ellipse, a closed B-spline or
a closed CCV (CCV S = ..).
# Example Planar surface:
P20 = P(-120 -160)
# The boundary curve:
S20 = CCV P20 P(233 -186) P(223 -95) P(104 -81) P(135 134) P(-122 162) P20
# The planar surface:
A20 = S20
# Circular area with island
C29 = P(-252.2 -580.9 0) VAL(12)
C28 = P(-255.9 -606.8 0)
VAL(66)
A20 = C28 C29
<a name="RS"></a>
<b> Standard formats ruled surface:</b>
Ruled Surface of two basic elements (PT/LN/AC/CV)
A# = SRU Object1 obj2
L20 = P(0 -10 20) P(0 10 20)
C20 ARC = P(0 -10) P(0 10) P(0 0)
A20 = SRU C20 L20
Ruled Surface of a basic element and vector:
L30 = P(0 -10 20) P(0 10 20)
D30 = D(10 10 60)
A30 = SRU L30 D30
<a name="ZF"></a>
<b> Standard format cylindrical surface: </b>
A = CYL Axis Radius rotation angle1 rotation angle2 Height1 Height2
Axis line or circle or plane or PT+PT or PT+LN or PT+VC
Radius Key in radius or point.
rotation angle1 key in start angle (Default = 0) or point.
rotation angle2 key in end angle (Default = 360) or point.
Height1 key in height (from position; Default = 0) or point.
Height2 key in height (from position), or point.
R22 = P(105
129.2 0) D(1 1 1)
A22 = CYL R22 12 0 360 0 30
<a name="KF"></a>
<b> Standardformat spherical surface: </b>
A = SPH axis radius [rotation_angle1 rotation_angle2 [height_angle1 height_angle2]]
Spherical surface; parameters as cylindrical surface.
Axis line or circle or plane or PT+PT or PT+LN or PT+VC
Radius Key in radius or point.
rotation_angle1 key in start angle (Default = 0) or point.
rotation_angle2 key in end angle (Default = 360) or point.
height_angle1 key in start angle (Def = 0) or point.
height_angle2 key in end angle (Def = 180) or point.
P20 = P(68
68.9 0)
SPH A21 = R(P20) 12
<a name="RF"></a>
<b> Standard format surface of revolution: </b>
A = SRV axis [Contour rotation_angle1 rotation_angle2 [height1 height2]]
Axis line or circle or plane or PT+PT or PT+LN or PT+VC
Contour line, circle or B-spline.
rotation_angle1 key in start angle (Default = 0) or point.
rotation_angle2 key in end angle (Default = 360) or point.
height1 key in startup parameter (Default = 0), or point.
height2 key in end parameter (Default = 1), or point.
The starting point of the contour element is in position angle 0 degrees;
the rotation direction is CCW.
L20 = P(20 0) P(20 20)
L21 = P(50 0) P(40 20)
A20 = SRV L20 L21 270 0
<a name="FF"></a>
<b> Standard format free-form (B-spline surface):</b>
A# = BSP, pt1Nr, pt2Nr, degree1, degree2, controlpoints, nodevector1, nodevector2
pt1Nr = number of control points in direction 1
pt2Nr = number of control points in direction 2
degree1 = degree of B-spline in direction 1
controlpoints: the control points, number = pt1Nr * pt2Nr,) 3 values (X/Y/Z.
nodevector1: the spacing parameters for direction 1; Nr = Pt1Nr + degree1 + 1
<a name="TSF"></a>
<b> Surface on support surface with islands: </b>
A = FSUB supportsurface boundarycurve [Islands ...]
Supporting surface:
a supporting surface is always required.
can be: ruled surface (SRU) or B-spline surfaces (BSP) or
Area on cone (taper) or surface on a solid-body (B=CON ..) or
Surface on torus (annulus B=TOR ..).
Boundary curve, Islands:
a circle, an ellipse, a closed B-spline or a closed CCV (S = CCV ..).
The boundary curve must be located on the support surface.
If the outer contour is identical to the boundray of the support
surface, then the supporting surface can be specified as a boundary curve.
A = FSUB A S // support surface (SRU, BSP), trimmed
A = FSUB A S S // support surface and trimmed 1 Hole
A = FSUB A A S // supporting surface is not trimmed, 1 hole
A = FSUB B // cone or Torus (unlimited, non-perforated)
A = FSUB B S // trimmed
A = FSUB B S S // trimmed, drilled
A = FSUB B B S // untrimmed, perforated
# Example cone surface:
P20 = P(100 0 0)
P21 = P(200 0 0)
P22 = P20 Y(120)
P23 = P21 Y(60)
P24 = P20 P22 ANG(135) DX
P25 = P21 P23 ANG(135) dx
C20 = ARC P23 P25 P21 dx
C21 = P22 P24 P20 ARC dx
#
The main body:
CON B20 = C21 C20
# The boundary curve:
S20 = CCV P23 P22 C21 P24 P25 C20 P23
# The cone surface:
A20 = FSUB B20 S20
#
<a name="RCIR"></a>
<b> Fan surface </b>
Near-circular surface of 3-n points;
All rays radiate from the first point (eg center of the circle).
A# = RCIR, P#, P#, P# <, P#>
P20 = P(5, -2)
P21 = P(9, -1)
P22 = P(8, 3)
A20 = RCIR, P20, P21, P22, P(4 3)
<a name="RSTRIP"></a>
<b> Strip surface </b>
Strip-like surface made of 1-n strips.
A# = rstrip, PTNR, P#, P#, P# <, P#>
Each strip consists of two rows of (PtNr) points
Minimum number of points is 2 * PTNR.
For 2 strips (3 * PTNR) points are required.
P20 = P(2 0)
P21 = P(4 0)
P22 = P(6 0)
P23 = P(8 0)
P30 = P(2 0 5)
P31 = P(4 1 5)
P32 = P(6 1 5)
P33 = P(8 0 5)
A21 = rstrip, 4, P20, P21, P22, P23, P30, P31, P32, P33
<a name="HAT"></a>
<b> Hatched surface: </b>
A# = HAT contour interval direction
Direction = Hatching direction in degrees
P20 = P(-500 500)
S21 = CCV P20 P(400 900) P(400 300) P20
A20 = HAT S21 VAL(50) VAL(45)
Currently, no import / export - function for hatching.
Currently, no function for perforated hatching.</P>
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="B"></a></p>
<h2>Solids (Bodies)</h2>
Identification letter for Solids is B (Body).
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <a href="CAD_SOL_en.htm">CAD-Functions for Solids (Bodies)</a>
Cone
Torus
Sphere
Prism
____________________________________________________________________________
<b>Sphere: </b>
# Sphere from the radius center:
B1 = SPH P(0 0 0) 12
# Sphere from circle:
C1 = P(0 0 0) 12
B2 = SPH C1
<b>Cone-shaped body: </b>
B2 = CON Midpoint_1 Midpoint_2 Radius_1 Radius_2
B20 = CON P(0 0 0) P(100 0 0) VAL(60) VAL(40)
B3 = CON circle_1 circle_2
C20 = P(0 0 0) VAL(100) DX
C21 = P(100 0 0) VAL(40) DX
B20 = CON C20 C21
B1 = CON base_circle point_cone_top
<b>Torus / circular ring: </b>
B# = TOR centrPt axis Radius_major Radius_minor
B# = TOR L C // axis outer_circle
B# = TOR C C // main_circle, outer_circle
B# = TOR R C // mani_radius, outer_circle
The axis of the circle of skin is the main axis.
The minor circle axis is always normal to the main axis.
Radius_major circle is entirely on the outside, and is always positive.
Modifier_outer_Inner: required for selection of a variant
where the Radius_major circle is smaller than the Radius_minor circle.
B20=TOR P(0 0 0) DZ VAL(100) VAL(25)
C20=P(100 0 0) VAL(25) DY
B20=TOR P(0 0 0) DZ C20
<b>Prism: </b>
B = PRISM plane_Base_surface Vector/Point/thickness
plane_Base surface: Closed Polygon/Circle/Ellipse
The opposite surface may be a point or defined by a vector
or by the thickness (for example wall thickness).
# Prism from Parallelogram and vector
S20=REC P(100 0 0) D(50 0 0) D(0 12 0)
B20=PRISM S20 D(0 0 10)
# Prism from circle with thickness (cylinder height)
C20=P(289 -20.8 0) VAL(125) DZ
B20=PRISM C20 25
# Conic prism from polygon
20=P(768 -457 0)
S20=POL P20 P(930 -474 0) P(1029 -251 0) P(971 -246 0) P(891 -412 0) P(801 -407 0) P20
B21=PRISM S20 P(900 -500 200)
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="N"></a></p>
<h2>Notes / Dimensions</h2>
Identification letter for Notes/Dimensions is N.
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <a href="CAD_DIM_en.htm">CAD-Functions for Notes / Dimensions</a>
The font size for text and dimensioning is defined by
DEFTX {Textsize} {DimTextSiz} {text general scale} {number decimal places}
or interactively in Standards/Text.
Default values in the file {base}/xa/gCAD3D.rc.
TODO:
TEXTS AND DIMENSIONS ARE NOT EXPORTED TO IGS or DXF.
For interactive modification of the parameters Marrow, Mline
and additional text a user interface is to be created.
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="M"></a></p>
<h2>Model</h2>
Identification letter for Models is M.
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <a href="CAD_Model_en.htm">CAD-Functions for Models</a>
A model (a Assembly) can consist of several Models (Sub-models)</P>
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="T"></a></p>
<h2>Transformations</h2>
Identification letter for Transformations is T.
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <a href="CAD_Tra_en.htm">CAD-Functions for Definition of Transformations</a>
see also <a href="CAD_Modify_de.htm#F2">CAD-functions for modifying geometry</a>
______________________________________________________
<p><a name="I"></a></p> <h2>Interaktions</h2>
Identification letter for Interaktions is I.
____________________________________________________________________________
see also <a href="CAD_Act_en.htm">CAD-Funktionen Interaktionen</a>
Any CAD object can be linked to an interaction.
The interaction is triggered by the selection of the CAD object (anchor object).
Examples of interactions are:
- Load the next model (such as HTM-HREF; LDMOD)
- Change the View position (Change view VIEW)
- Start a plug-in program (DLL) (EXECM)
Format interaction:
I {#} = {anchor object} {command}
Commands:
Load a model:
LDMOD "symbol.List/ModelName"
Example:
LDMOD "Data/sample_Ziegel1.bmp"
Change the viewport:
VIEW {viewPortData}
You can generate the current viewport data with Insert/ViewPort.
Example:
VIEW 0 0 1 50 23 2 20 0 1 0
Start/run a plug-in program (DLL):
EXECM {DLL name}
Note: the program may not contain recursion
(eg "UI_butCB (NULL, (void *) "butEND");").
Example:
EXECM DemoAssy1
Use the same interaction for another object - for example:
I20 = N20 “VIEW ... "
# When selecting N20 Change view
I21 = N21 I20
# On selecting object N21, also do interaction I20.
Examples:
I1 = M1 "VIEW 0 0 1 50 23 2 20 0 1 0"
# When selecting Model1, activates the specified viewport.
I2 = P20 "LDMOD "Data/Assy_H86""
# By the selection of point 20, model Assy_H86 is loaded.
I3 = N20 "EXECM TST3"
# By selecting note 20, plug-in program tst3.so is started.
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="CWCCW"></a></p>
<B>Rotation </B>
CW (clockwise) or
CCW (counter-clockwise)
The specification of CCW is not required (default).
The rotation results in plan view of the axis of rotation
as seen by the eye of the beholder.
<p><a name="ANGR"></a></p>
<B>Rotation angle (Rotate) </B>
The rotation is around the Z-axis of the active construction plane.
Input directly: Angle
Enter indirectly: ANG(angle)
Output format: ANG(angle ()), for example:
ANG(30) - rotation by 30 degrees
# Angle value
ANG (angle value [REV])
# Direction vector
ANG (D [ANG () / REV])
# Line (direction)
ANG (L [ANG () / REV])
# 2 Points (direction)
ANG (P P [ANG () / REV])
In CAD mode, the PgUp / PgDown button can add together one additional (relative)
angle value of about +90 degrees. (There must have been a prior
selection to indicate direction (eg select a line)).
<p><a name="ANGT"></a></p>
<B>Tilt angle</B>
The rotation (tilting) is done to the new Y-axis created by a rotation of the Z-axis.
A tilt angle of 90 degrees provides the Z-axis (independent from the angle of rotation).
Output format: ANG({angle}), for example:
ANG(30) - rotation by 30 degrees
Example of rotate and tilt:
ANG(90) ANG(30)
There the object is rotated 90 degrees around the Z axis;
The horizontal axis now corresponds to the old X-axis, tilt axis at this
tilt is now around 30 degrees.
A negative tilt angle rotates in the opposite direction.
<p><a name="MOD1"></a></p>
<B>Page 1 / 2</B>
Page: with PageUp / Down button;
1, 2 lateral right / left;
Output Format: MOD (1) or MOD (2)
<p><a name="TSZ"></a></p>
<B>Additional text with special characters</B>
A special character is generated by a sequence of 2 characters.
[d diameter sign
[g degree sign (angle)
[+ + - Signs
[/ Superscript
[\ Subscript
[n new line (return, CR)
[% Is replaced by the standard text. If the text does not include [%,
the default text provided throughout is inserted.
[- no standard text.
[[ a square bracket "["
[0 to [9 only N=DIM3 and N=LDRP: Number of decimal places of the dimensions
(must be at the beginning of the text block)
[V20] to expand a numeric variable (V20 in the example)
Example:
“[+ 0.2 "
<p><a name="NMP"></a></p>
<B>Dimension arrows </B>
are defined by specifying a number with 2 digits;
one digit for each of the two dimension arrows;
No indication or -1: create both arrows automatically.
0 no dimension arrow;
1 < left arrow
2 > right arrow
3 / slash
4 > < arrow right and arrow left
Example:
"12" left arrow and right arrow
<p><a name="NMH"></a></p>
<B>Extension lines</B>
are defined by specifying a number with 2 digits;
one digit for each of the two extension lines;
0 = no guide,
1 = line
Default is 11 (two lines)
<p><a name="iCol"></a></p>
<B>Color </B>
0 = black
1 = DefCol
2 = red
3 = green
4 = blue
5 = yellow
6 = purple
7 = blue
8 = white
<p><a name="symFnam"></a></p>
<B>Symbolic file names:</B>
A symbolic file name consists of
"{path}/{filename}"
All symbolic pathe are defined in file {base}xa/dir.lst.
The icon can be freely chosen.
Interactively define the path using the "Standards/Directories".
Default directory is {base}/dat; the identifier for this
directory is "Data".
Example of symbolic file name:
"Data/Niet1.dat"
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="U"></a></p>
<B>Group </B>
Identification key for group is U.
____________________________________________________________________________
Select the objects in the group - the objects will be highlighted.
Remove from the group by selecting again.
Go to the next field with the Tab key.
Example:
# Group 2 surfaces
U (A20 A21)
____________________________________________________________________________
<p><a name="fmtsub"></a></p>
<h2>File format of submodels:</h2>
SECTION MODEL {modelname}
- Dynamic-Dataspace (settings, standards, End: ":DYNAMIC_DATA")
- Objectdata
SECTIONEND
SECTION PTAB {modelname}_{ObjID}
ptnr={nr of points}
{pointCoords, one point per line}
SECTIONEND
SECTION MESH {modelname}_{ObjID}
faces={nr of faces} edgelines={nr of edgelines}
{faces (3 indices for one face per line)}
edgeline={nr of edgeline} points={nr of points} edgetyp={edgetyp}
{edgeline (indices for points)}
SECTIONEND
Example:
SECTION PTAB _A1
ptnr=4
78.206807 -215.069439 0
75.797808 -206.220382 0
82.125568 -204.36855 0
83.557688 -210.647853 0
SECTIONEND
SECTION MESH _A2
faces=2 edgelines=1
3 2 1
3 1 0
edgeline=0 points=4 edgetyp=5
3 2 1 0
SECTIONEND
A1=PTAB
A2=MSH A1
____________________________________________________________________________
In the CAD input fields numerical values can be used (eg, for radius only) as well as variables,
PI, the basic arithmetic and mathematics. Functions are also used (but not the functions X, Y, Z and L, C).
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