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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="asio.overview.networking.bsd_sockets"></a><a class="link" href="bsd_sockets.html" title="The BSD Socket API and Asio">The BSD Socket
API and Asio</a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
The Asio library includes a low-level socket interface based on the BSD
socket API, which is widely implemented and supported by extensive literature.
It is also used as the basis for networking APIs in other languages, like
Java. This low-level interface is designed to support the development of
efficient and scalable applications. For example, it permits programmers
to exert finer control over the number of system calls, avoid redundant
data copying, minimise the use of resources like threads, and so on.
</p>
<p>
Unsafe and error prone aspects of the BSD socket API not included. For
example, the use of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code> to
represent all sockets lacks type safety. The socket representation in Asio
uses a distinct type for each protocol, e.g. for TCP one would use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ip</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">tcp</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">socket</span></code>, and for UDP one uses <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ip</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">udp</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">socket</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
The following table shows the mapping between the BSD socket API and Asio:
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
BSD Socket API Elements
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Equivalents in Asio
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
socket descriptor - <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
(POSIX) or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">SOCKET</span></code>
(Windows)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__tcp/socket.html" title="ip::tcp::socket">ip::tcp::socket</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__tcp/acceptor.html" title="ip::tcp::acceptor">ip::tcp::acceptor</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__udp/socket.html" title="ip::udp::socket">ip::udp::socket</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket.html" title="basic_socket">basic_socket</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket.html" title="basic_stream_socket">basic_stream_socket</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket.html" title="basic_datagram_socket">basic_datagram_socket</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_raw_socket.html" title="basic_raw_socket">basic_raw_socket</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">in_addr</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">in6_addr</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__address.html" title="ip::address">ip::address</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__address.html" title="ip::address">ip::address_v4</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__address.html" title="ip::address">ip::address_v6</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">sockaddr_in</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">sockaddr_in6</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__tcp/endpoint.html" title="ip::tcp::endpoint">ip::tcp::endpoint</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__udp/endpoint.html" title="ip::udp::endpoint">ip::udp::endpoint</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__basic_endpoint.html" title="ip::basic_endpoint">ip::basic_endpoint</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">accept</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket_acceptor/accept.html" title="basic_socket_acceptor::accept">ip::tcp::acceptor::accept()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket_acceptor/accept.html" title="basic_socket_acceptor::accept">basic_socket_acceptor::accept()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">bind</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/bind.html" title="basic_socket::bind">ip::tcp::acceptor::bind()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/bind.html" title="basic_socket::bind">ip::tcp::socket::bind()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/bind.html" title="basic_socket::bind">ip::udp::socket::bind()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/bind.html" title="basic_socket::bind">basic_socket::bind()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">close</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/close.html" title="basic_socket::close">ip::tcp::acceptor::close()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/close.html" title="basic_socket::close">ip::tcp::socket::close()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/close.html" title="basic_socket::close">ip::udp::socket::close()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/close.html" title="basic_socket::close">basic_socket::close()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">connect</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/connect.html" title="basic_socket::connect">ip::tcp::socket::connect()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/connect.html" title="basic_socket::connect">ip::udp::socket::connect()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/connect.html" title="basic_socket::connect">basic_socket::connect()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">getaddrinfo</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gethostbyaddr</span><span class="special">()</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gethostbyname</span><span class="special">()</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">getnameinfo</span><span class="special">()</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">getservbyname</span><span class="special">()</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">getservbyport</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__basic_resolver/resolve.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::resolve">ip::tcp::resolver::resolve()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__basic_resolver/async_resolve.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::async_resolve">ip::tcp::resolver::async_resolve()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__basic_resolver/resolve.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::resolve">ip::udp::resolver::resolve()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__basic_resolver/async_resolve.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::async_resolve">ip::udp::resolver::async_resolve()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__basic_resolver/resolve.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::resolve">ip::basic_resolver::resolve()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__basic_resolver/async_resolve.html" title="ip::basic_resolver::async_resolve">ip::basic_resolver::async_resolve()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gethostname</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__host_name.html" title="ip::host_name">ip::host_name()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">getpeername</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/remote_endpoint.html" title="basic_socket::remote_endpoint">ip::tcp::socket::remote_endpoint()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/remote_endpoint.html" title="basic_socket::remote_endpoint">ip::udp::socket::remote_endpoint()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/remote_endpoint.html" title="basic_socket::remote_endpoint">basic_socket::remote_endpoint()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">getsockname</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/local_endpoint.html" title="basic_socket::local_endpoint">ip::tcp::acceptor::local_endpoint()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/local_endpoint.html" title="basic_socket::local_endpoint">ip::tcp::socket::local_endpoint()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/local_endpoint.html" title="basic_socket::local_endpoint">ip::udp::socket::local_endpoint()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/local_endpoint.html" title="basic_socket::local_endpoint">basic_socket::local_endpoint()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">getsockopt</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/get_option.html" title="basic_socket::get_option">ip::tcp::acceptor::get_option()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/get_option.html" title="basic_socket::get_option">ip::tcp::socket::get_option()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/get_option.html" title="basic_socket::get_option">ip::udp::socket::get_option()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/get_option.html" title="basic_socket::get_option">basic_socket::get_option()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">inet_addr</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">inet_aton</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">inet_pton</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__address/from_string.html" title="ip::address::from_string">ip::address::from_string()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__address/from_string.html" title="ip::address::from_string">ip::address_v4::from_string()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__address/from_string.html" title="ip::address::from_string">ip_address_v6::from_string()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">inet_ntoa</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">inet_ntop</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__address/to_string.html" title="ip::address::to_string">ip::address::to_string()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__address/to_string.html" title="ip::address::to_string">ip::address_v4::to_string()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__address/to_string.html" title="ip::address::to_string">ip_address_v6::to_string()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ioctl</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/io_control.html" title="basic_socket::io_control">ip::tcp::socket::io_control()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/io_control.html" title="basic_socket::io_control">ip::udp::socket::io_control()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/io_control.html" title="basic_socket::io_control">basic_socket::io_control()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">listen</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket_acceptor/listen.html" title="basic_socket_acceptor::listen">ip::tcp::acceptor::listen()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket_acceptor/listen.html" title="basic_socket_acceptor::listen">basic_socket_acceptor::listen()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">poll</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">select</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">pselect</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/io_service/run.html" title="io_service::run">io_service::run()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/io_service/run_one.html" title="io_service::run_one">io_service::run_one()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/io_service/poll.html" title="io_service::poll">io_service::poll()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/io_service/poll_one.html" title="io_service::poll_one">io_service::poll_one()</a>
</p>
<p>
Note: in conjunction with asynchronous operations.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">readv</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">recv</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">read</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/read_some.html" title="basic_stream_socket::read_some">ip::tcp::socket::read_some()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_read_some.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_read_some">ip::tcp::socket::async_read_some()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/receive.html" title="basic_stream_socket::receive">ip::tcp::socket::receive()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_receive.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_receive">ip::tcp::socket::async_receive()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/receive.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::receive">ip::udp::socket::receive()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_receive.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_receive">ip::udp::socket::async_receive()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/read_some.html" title="basic_stream_socket::read_some">basic_stream_socket::read_some()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_read_some.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_read_some">basic_stream_socket::async_read_some()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/receive.html" title="basic_stream_socket::receive">basic_stream_socket::receive()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_receive.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_receive">basic_stream_socket::async_receive()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/receive.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::receive">basic_datagram_socket::receive()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_receive.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_receive">basic_datagram_socket::async_receive()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">recvfrom</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/receive_from.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::receive_from">ip::udp::socket::receive_from()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_receive_from.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_receive_from">ip::udp::socket::async_receive_from()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/receive_from.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::receive_from">basic_datagram_socket::receive_from()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_receive_from.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_receive_from">basic_datagram_socket::async_receive_from()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">send</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">write</span><span class="special">()</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">writev</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/write_some.html" title="basic_stream_socket::write_some">ip::tcp::socket::write_some()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_write_some.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_write_some">ip::tcp::socket::async_write_some()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/send.html" title="basic_stream_socket::send">ip::tcp::socket::send()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_send.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_send">ip::tcp::socket::async_send()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/send.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::send">ip::udp::socket::send()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_send.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_send">ip::udp::socket::async_send()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/write_some.html" title="basic_stream_socket::write_some">basic_stream_socket::write_some()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_write_some.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_write_some">basic_stream_socket::async_write_some()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/send.html" title="basic_stream_socket::send">basic_stream_socket::send()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_send.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_send">basic_stream_socket::async_send()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/send.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::send">basic_datagram_socket::send()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_send.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_send">basic_datagram_socket::async_send()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">sendto</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/send_to.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::send_to">ip::udp::socket::send_to()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_send_to.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_send_to">ip::udp::socket::async_send_to()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/send_to.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::send_to">basic_datagram_socket::send_to()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_send_to.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_send_to">basic_datagram_socket::async_send_to()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">setsockopt</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/set_option.html" title="basic_socket::set_option">ip::tcp::acceptor::set_option()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/set_option.html" title="basic_socket::set_option">ip::tcp::socket::set_option()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/set_option.html" title="basic_socket::set_option">ip::udp::socket::set_option()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/set_option.html" title="basic_socket::set_option">basic_socket::set_option()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">shutdown</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/shutdown.html" title="basic_socket::shutdown">ip::tcp::socket::shutdown()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/shutdown.html" title="basic_socket::shutdown">ip::udp::socket::shutdown()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/shutdown.html" title="basic_socket::shutdown">basic_socket::shutdown()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">sockatmark</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/at_mark.html" title="basic_socket::at_mark">ip::tcp::socket::at_mark()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/at_mark.html" title="basic_socket::at_mark">basic_socket::at_mark()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">socket</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
For TCP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/open.html" title="basic_socket::open">ip::tcp::acceptor::open()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/open.html" title="basic_socket::open">ip::tcp::socket::open()</a>
</p>
<p>
For UDP: <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/open.html" title="basic_socket::open">ip::udp::socket::open()</a>
</p>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_socket/open.html" title="basic_socket::open">basic_socket::open()</a>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">socketpair</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/local__connect_pair.html" title="local::connect_pair">local::connect_pair()</a>
</p>
<p>
Note: POSIX operating systems only.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2003 - 2010 Christopher M. Kohlhoff<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
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