<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN"> <!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 98.1p1 release (March 2nd, 1998) originally by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds * revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan * with significant contributions from: Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others --> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Silicon photodiodes and CCDs: DET=SILICON</TITLE> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="Silicon photodiodes and CCDs: DET=SILICON"> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="vol2"> <META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document"> <META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global"> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="vol2.css"> <LINK REL="next" HREF="node626.html"> <LINK REL="previous" HREF="node624.html"> <LINK REL="up" HREF="node619.html"> <LINK REL="next" HREF="node626.html"> </HEAD> <BODY > <!--Navigation Panel--> <A NAME="tex2html9322" HREF="node626.html"> <IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="icons.gif/next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html9319" HREF="node619.html"> <IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="icons.gif/up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html9313" HREF="node624.html"> <IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="icons.gif/previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html9321" HREF="node1.html"> <IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents" SRC="icons.gif/contents_motif.gif"></A> <BR> <B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html9323" HREF="node626.html">Other detectors: DET=OTHER</A> <B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html9320" HREF="node619.html">Detectors</A> <B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html9314" HREF="node624.html">Column COOLING</A> <BR> <BR> <!--End of Navigation Panel--> <H3><A NAME="SECTION003255600000000000000"> Silicon photodiodes and CCDs: DET=<TT>SILICON</TT></A> </H3> Unfortunately, the spectral responses of these devices are quite varied, depending on details of manufacturing (e.g., polysilicon vs. aluminum electrodes; thinned vs. non-thinned), preparation (use of blue-enhancing treatments such as phosphors, UV-irradiation, and flashgates), and use (front-side vs. back-side illumination). The response also depends on temperature, as it does for all semiconducting materials. <P> The preferred method of handling this problem is to use a table of (averaged) spectral responsivity determined for the individual device under actual conditions of use. This means using the spectral-response table file described under DET=<TT>OTHER</TT> (section <A HREF="node626.html#spect-resp">I.5.5</A>). The name of the table file should be contained in a character column named SPECTRESPTBL, of adequate width to hold a file name (see section <A HREF="node626.html#spect-resp">I.5.5</A> for a description of the file). If no table is available, this column can be omitted. If tables are available for only some detectors, the column should exist, and contain blanks in the rows of detectors lacking detailed information. <P> Even if no detailed spectral response is available, it is sometimes necessary to make a rough guess at the spectral response, particularly for planning purposes. Then, if SPECTRESPTBL is missing, there should be a character column named BLUERESP that gives some indication of the expected blue response. Valid string values are <TT>'FRONT'</TT> for front-side illumination of a normal CCD, with no phosphor coating; <TT>'BACK'</TT> for thinned, un-enhanced CCDs illuminated from the substrate side; <TT>'ENHANCED'</TT> for CCDs treated by UV irradiation, special gases, or flashgate; or <TT>'PHOSPHOR'</TT> for CCDs coated with a blue-sensitive phosphor. These general categories provide some information on spectral response, but it may easily be in error by a factor of 3 or more. <P> As for PMTs, the COOLING column is required. Usually, CCDs are cooled with liquid nitrogen, but are actually kept thermostatted by a servo system. In this case, COOLING=<TT>'REGULATED'</TT>. The same applies to chips cooled thermoelectrically, in most cases. Occasionally one finds unregulated cooling; then COOLING=<TT>'UNREGULATED'</TT>, and the treatment is the same as for cooled but unregulated PMTs (see above). <P> <HR> <!--Navigation Panel--> <A NAME="tex2html9322" HREF="node626.html"> <IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="icons.gif/next_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html9319" HREF="node619.html"> <IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="icons.gif/up_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html9313" HREF="node624.html"> <IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="icons.gif/previous_motif.gif"></A> <A NAME="tex2html9321" HREF="node1.html"> <IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents" SRC="icons.gif/contents_motif.gif"></A> <BR> <B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html9323" HREF="node626.html">Other detectors: DET=OTHER</A> <B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html9320" HREF="node619.html">Detectors</A> <B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html9314" HREF="node624.html">Column COOLING</A> <!--End of Navigation Panel--> <ADDRESS> <I>Petra Nass</I> <BR><I>1999-06-15</I> </ADDRESS> </BODY> </HTML>
