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<span id="datatypes"></span><h1>8. Data Types<a class="headerlink" href="#data-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter provide a variety of specialized data
types such as dates and times, fixed-type arrays, heap queues, synchronized
queues, and sets.</p>
<p>Python also provides some built-in data types, in particular,
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#dict" title="dict"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">dict</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#list" title="list"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">list</span></tt></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#set" title="set"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">set</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#frozenset" title="frozenset"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">frozenset</span></tt></a>, and
<a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#tuple" title="tuple"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">tuple</span></tt></a>. The <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#str" title="str"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt></a> class is used to hold
Unicode strings, and the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#bytes" title="bytes"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">bytes</span></tt></a> class is used to hold binary data.</p>
<p>The following modules are documented in this chapter:</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html">8.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime</span></tt> — Basic date and time types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#available-types">8.1.1. Available Types</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#timedelta-objects">8.1.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timedelta</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#date-objects">8.1.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#datetime-objects">8.1.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">datetime</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#time-objects">8.1.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#tzinfo-objects">8.1.6. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tzinfo</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#timezone-objects">8.1.7. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timezone</span></tt> Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior">8.1.8. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">strftime()</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">strptime()</span></tt> Behavior</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="calendar.html">8.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">calendar</span></tt> — General calendar-related functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html">8.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">collections</span></tt> — Container datatypes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#chainmap-objects">8.3.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ChainMap</span></tt> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#chainmap-examples-and-recipes">8.3.1.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ChainMap</span></tt> Examples and Recipes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#counter-objects">8.3.2. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Counter</span></tt> objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#deque-objects">8.3.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">deque</span></tt> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#deque-recipes">8.3.3.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">deque</span></tt> Recipes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#defaultdict-objects">8.3.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">defaultdict</span></tt> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#defaultdict-examples">8.3.4.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">defaultdict</span></tt> Examples</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#ordereddict-objects">8.3.6. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">OrderedDict</span></tt> objects</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#ordereddict-examples-and-recipes">8.3.6.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">OrderedDict</span></tt> Examples and Recipes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#userdict-objects">8.3.7. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UserDict</span></tt> objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#userlist-objects">8.3.8. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UserList</span></tt> objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html#userstring-objects">8.3.9. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">UserString</span></tt> objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.abc.html">8.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">collections.abc</span></tt> — Abstract Base Classes for Containers</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.abc.html#collections-abstract-base-classes">8.4.1. Collections Abstract Base Classes</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="heapq.html">8.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">heapq</span></tt> — Heap queue algorithm</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="heapq.html#basic-examples">8.5.1. Basic Examples</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="heapq.html#priority-queue-implementation-notes">8.5.2. Priority Queue Implementation Notes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="heapq.html#theory">8.5.3. Theory</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bisect.html">8.6. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bisect</span></tt> — Array bisection algorithm</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bisect.html#searching-sorted-lists">8.6.1. Searching Sorted Lists</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="bisect.html#other-examples">8.6.2. Other Examples</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="array.html">8.7. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">array</span></tt> — Efficient arrays of numeric values</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="weakref.html">8.8. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">weakref</span></tt> — Weak references</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="weakref.html#weak-reference-objects">8.8.1. Weak Reference Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="weakref.html#example">8.8.2. Example</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html">8.9. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">types</span></tt> — Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html#dynamic-type-creation">8.9.1. Dynamic Type Creation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="types.html#standard-interpreter-types">8.9.2. Standard Interpreter Types</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="copy.html">8.10. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">copy</span></tt> — Shallow and deep copy operations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pprint.html">8.11. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pprint</span></tt> — Data pretty printer</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pprint.html#prettyprinter-objects">8.11.1. PrettyPrinter Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pprint.html#example">8.11.2. Example</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="reprlib.html">8.12. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">reprlib</span></tt> — Alternate <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">repr()</span></tt> implementation</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reprlib.html#repr-objects">8.12.1. Repr Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="reprlib.html#subclassing-repr-objects">8.12.2. Subclassing Repr Objects</a></li>
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