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  <div class="section" id="file-objects">
<span id="fileobjects"></span><h1>File Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#file-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p id="index-0">These APIs are a minimal emulation of the Python 2 C API for built-in file
objects, which used to rely on the buffered I/O (<tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">FILE*</span></tt>) support
from the C standard library.  In Python 3, files and streams use the new
<a class="reference internal" href="../library/io.html#module-io" title="io: Core tools for working with streams."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">io</span></tt></a> module, which defines several layers over the low-level unbuffered
I/O of the operating system.  The functions described below are
convenience C wrappers over these new APIs, and meant mostly for internal
error reporting in the interpreter; third-party code is advised to access
the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/io.html#module-io" title="io: Core tools for working with streams."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">io</span></tt></a> APIs instead.</p>
<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyFile_FromFd">
<tt class="descname">PyFile_FromFd</tt><big>(</big>int<em>&nbsp;fd</em>, char<em>&nbsp;*name</em>, char<em>&nbsp;*mode</em>, int<em>&nbsp;buffering</em>, char<em>&nbsp;*encoding</em>, char<em>&nbsp;*errors</em>, char<em>&nbsp;*newline</em>, int<em>&nbsp;closefd</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyFile_FromFd" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Create a Python file object from the file descriptor of an already
opened file <em>fd</em>.  The arguments <em>name</em>, <em>encoding</em>, <em>errors</em> and <em>newline</em>
can be <em>NULL</em> to use the defaults; <em>buffering</em> can be <em>-1</em> to use the
default. <em>name</em> is ignored and kept for backward compatibility. Return
<em>NULL</em> on failure. For a more comprehensive description of the arguments,
please refer to the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/io.html#io.open" title="io.open"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">io.open()</span></tt></a> function documentation.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p class="last">Since Python streams have their own buffering layer, mixing them with
OS-level file descriptors can produce various issues (such as unexpected
ordering of data).</p>
</div>
<p class="versionchanged">
<span class="versionmodified">Changed in version 3.2:</span> Ignore <em>name</em> attribute.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyObject_AsFileDescriptor">
int <tt class="descname">PyObject_AsFileDescriptor</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*p</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyObject_AsFileDescriptor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Return the file descriptor associated with <em>p</em> as an <tt class="xref c c-type docutils literal"><span class="pre">int</span></tt>.  If the
object is an integer, its value is returned.  If not, the
object&#8217;s <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">fileno()</span></tt> method is called if it exists; the method must return
an integer, which is returned as the file descriptor value.  Sets an
exception and returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on failure.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyFile_GetLine">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <tt class="descname">PyFile_GetLine</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*p</em>, int<em>&nbsp;n</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyFile_GetLine" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><em class="refcount">Return value: New reference.</em><p id="index-1">Equivalent to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">p.readline([n])</span></tt>, this function reads one line from the
object <em>p</em>.  <em>p</em> may be a file object or any object with a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/readline.html#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline()</span></tt></a>
method.  If <em>n</em> is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, exactly one line is read, regardless of the length of
the line.  If <em>n</em> is greater than <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, no more than <em>n</em> bytes will be read
from the file; a partial line can be returned.  In both cases, an empty string
is returned if the end of the file is reached immediately.  If <em>n</em> is less than
<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt>, however, one line is read regardless of length, but <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#EOFError" title="EOFError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></tt></a> is
raised if the end of the file is reached immediately.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyFile_WriteObject">
int <tt class="descname">PyFile_WriteObject</tt><big>(</big><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*obj</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*p</em>, int<em>&nbsp;flags</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyFile_WriteObject" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p id="index-2">Write object <em>obj</em> to file object <em>p</em>.  The only supported flag for <em>flags</em> is
<tt class="xref py py-const docutils literal"><span class="pre">Py_PRINT_RAW</span></tt>; if given, the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#str" title="str"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">str()</span></tt></a> of the object is written
instead of the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/functions.html#repr" title="repr"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">repr()</span></tt></a>.  Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> on success or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on failure; the
appropriate exception will be set.</p>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="function">
<dt id="PyFile_WriteString">
int <tt class="descname">PyFile_WriteString</tt><big>(</big>const char<em>&nbsp;*s</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em>&nbsp;*p</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#PyFile_WriteString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><p>Write string <em>s</em> to file object <em>p</em>.  Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">0</span></tt> on success or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-1</span></tt> on
failure; the appropriate exception will be set.</p>
</dd></dl>

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