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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ANSI_X3.4-1968" /><title>LINUX MEDIA INFRASTRUCTURE API</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.75.2" /><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="LINUX MEDIA INFRASTRUCTURE API" /><link rel="next" href="pr01.html" title="Introduction" /></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">LINUX MEDIA INFRASTRUCTURE API</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="book" title="LINUX MEDIA INFRASTRUCTURE API"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a id="media_api"></a>LINUX MEDIA INFRASTRUCTURE API</h1></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2009 LinuxTV Developers</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice" title="Legal Notice"><a id="id2717854"></a><p>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify
this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation. A copy of the license is included in the chapter entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License"</p></div></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="preface"><a href="pr01.html">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="part"><a href="pt01.html">I. Video for Linux Two API Specification</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch01.html">1. Common API Elements</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01.html#open">Opening and Closing Devices</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01.html#id2766682">Device Naming</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01.html#related">Related Devices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01.html#id2767000">Multiple Opens</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01.html#id2767121">Shared Data Streams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01.html#id2767136">Functions</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s02.html">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s03.html">Application Priority</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s04.html">Video Inputs and Outputs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s05.html">Audio Inputs and Outputs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s06.html">Tuners and Modulators</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s06.html#id2767762">Tuners</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s06.html#id2767862">Modulators</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s06.html#id2767917">Radio Frequency</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s07.html">Video Standards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s08.html">User Controls</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s09.html">Extended Controls</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s09.html#id2770212">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s09.html#id2769034">The Extended Control API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s09.html#id2770534">Enumerating Extended Controls</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s09.html#id2770659">Creating Control Panels</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s09.html#mpeg-controls">MPEG Control Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s09.html#camera-controls">Camera Control Reference</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s09.html#fm-tx-controls">FM Transmitter Control Reference</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s10.html">Data Formats</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s10.html#id2780707">Data Format Negotiation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s10.html#id2780884">Image Format Enumeration</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s11.html">Image Cropping, Insertion and Scaling</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s11.html#id2766506">Cropping Structures</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s11.html#id2781327">Scaling Adjustments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s11.html#id2781405">Examples</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch01s12.html">Streaming Parameters</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch02.html">2. Image Formats</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch02.html#id2791648">Standard Image Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch02s02.html">Colorspaces</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch02s03.html">Indexed Format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch02s04.html">RGB Formats</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re01.html">Packed RGB formats</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Packed RGB formats</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re02.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8 ('BA81')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Bayer RGB format</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re03.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8 ('GBRG')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Bayer RGB format</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re04.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG8 ('GRBG')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Bayer RGB format</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re05.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR16 ('BYR2')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Bayer RGB format</span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch02s05.html">YUV Formats</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re06.html">Packed YUV formats</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Packed YUV formats</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re07.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY ('GREY')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Grey-scale image</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re08.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16 ('Y16 ')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Grey-scale image</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re09.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV ('YUYV')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Packed format with ½ horizontal chroma
resolution, also known as YUV 4:2:2</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re10.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY ('UYVY')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Variation of
<code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV</code> with different order of samples
in memory</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re11.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU ('YVYU')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Variation of
<code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV</code> with different order of samples
in memory</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re12.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_VYUY ('VYUY')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Variation of
<code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV</code> with different order of samples
in memory</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re13.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y41P ('Y41P')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Format with ¼ horizontal chroma
resolution, also known as YUV 4:1:1</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re14.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420 ('YV12'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420 ('YU12')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Planar formats with ½ horizontal and
vertical chroma resolution, also known as YUV 4:2:0</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re15.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU410 ('YVU9'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV410 ('YUV9')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Planar formats with ¼ horizontal and
vertical chroma resolution, also known as YUV 4:1:0</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re16.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422P ('422P')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Format with ½ horizontal chroma resolution,
also known as YUV 4:2:2. Planar layout as opposed to
<code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re17.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV411P ('411P')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Format with ¼ horizontal chroma resolution,
also known as YUV 4:1:1. Planar layout as opposed to
<code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y41P</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re18.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12 ('NV12'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21 ('NV21')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Formats with ½ horizontal and vertical
chroma resolution, also known as YUV 4:2:0. One luminance and one
chrominance plane with alternating chroma samples as opposed to
<code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</code></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re19.html">V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16 ('NV16'), V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV61 ('NV61')</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Formats with ½ horizontal
chroma resolution, also known as YUV 4:2:2. One luminance and one
chrominance plane with alternating chroma samples as opposed to
<code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</code></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch02s06.html">Compressed Formats</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch02s07.html">Reserved Format Identifiers</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch03.html">3. Input/Output</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch03.html#rw">Read/Write</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch03s02.html">Streaming I/O (Memory Mapping)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch03s03.html">Streaming I/O (User Pointers)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch03s04.html">Asynchronous I/O</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch03s05.html">Buffers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch03s05.html#id2837312">Timecodes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch03s06.html">Field Order</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch04.html">4. Interfaces</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04.html#capture">Video Capture Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04.html#id2840986">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04.html#id2841661">Supplemental Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04.html#id2841725">Image Format Negotiation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04.html#id2841929">Reading Images</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s02.html">Video Overlay Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s02.html#id2841531">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s02.html#id2841567">Supplemental Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s02.html#id2842582">Setup</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s02.html#id2842729">Overlay Window</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s02.html#id2843579">Enabling Overlay</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s03.html">Video Output Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s03.html#id2844273">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s03.html#id2844935">Supplemental Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s03.html#id2844995">Image Format Negotiation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s03.html#id2845199">Writing Images</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s04.html">Video Output Overlay Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s04.html#id2845708">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s04.html#id2845745">Framebuffer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s04.html#id2845880">Overlay Window and Scaling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s04.html#id2846054">Enabling Overlay</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s05.html">Codec Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s06.html">Effect Devices Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s07.html">Raw VBI Data Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s07.html#id2846818">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s07.html#id2846859">Supplemental Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s07.html#id2846899">Raw VBI Format Negotiation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s07.html#id2847697">Reading and writing VBI images</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s08.html">Sliced VBI Data Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s08.html#id2848953">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s08.html#id2849000">Supplemental Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s08.html#sliced-vbi-format-negotitation">Sliced VBI Format Negotiation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s08.html#id2849993">Reading and writing sliced VBI data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s08.html#id2850348">Sliced VBI Data in MPEG Streams</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s09.html">Teletext Interface</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s10.html">Radio Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s10.html#id2853757">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s10.html#id2854492">Supplemental Functions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s10.html#id2854524">Programming</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s11.html">RDS Interface</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s11.html#id2853826">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch04s11.html#id2854911">Reading RDS data</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch05.html">5. V4L2 Driver Programming</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch06.html">6. Libv4l Userspace Library</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch06.html#libv4l-introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch06.html#id2856005">libv4lconvert</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch06.html#id2856383">libv4l1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch06.html#id2856403">libv4l2</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch06.html#id2856662">v4l1compat.so wrapper library</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch07.html">7. Changes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#diff-v4l">Differences between V4L and V4L2</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2855834">Opening and Closing Devices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2857562">Querying Capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2858121">Video Sources</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2858348">Tuning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#v4l-image-properties">Image Properties</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2859154">Audio</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2859476">Frame Buffer Overlay</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2859751">Cropping</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2859896">Reading Images, Memory Mapping</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2860244">Reading Raw VBI Data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07.html#id2860458">Miscellaneous</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html">Changes of the V4L2 API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2860518">Early Versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2860732">V4L2 Version 0.16 1999-01-31</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2860747">V4L2 Version 0.18 1999-03-16</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2860764">V4L2 Version 0.19 1999-06-05</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2860808">V4L2 Version 0.20 (1999-09-10)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2861112">V4L2 Version 0.20 incremental changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2861361">V4L2 Version 0.20 2000-11-23</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2861508">V4L2 Version 0.20 2002-07-25</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2861519">V4L2 in Linux 2.5.46, 2002-10</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863126">V4L2 2003-06-19</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863308">V4L2 2003-11-05</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863465">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.6, 2004-05-09</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863501">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.8</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863548">V4L2 spec erratum 2004-08-01</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863626">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.14</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863666">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.15</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863778">V4L2 spec erratum 2005-11-27</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863817">V4L2 spec erratum 2006-01-10</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863868">V4L2 spec erratum 2006-02-03</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863909">V4L2 spec erratum 2006-02-04</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2863957">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.17</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864036">V4L2 spec erratum 2006-09-23 (Draft 0.15)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864207">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.18</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864302">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.19</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864387">V4L2 spec erratum 2006-10-12 (Draft 0.17)</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864419">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.21</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864448">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.22</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864572">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.24</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864612">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.25</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864790">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.26</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864834">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.27</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864904">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.28</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2864961">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.29</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2865053">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.30</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s02.html#id2865089">V4L2 in Linux 2.6.32</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s03.html">Relation of V4L2 to other Linux multimedia APIs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s03.html#xvideo">X Video Extension</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s03.html#id2865288">Digital Video</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s03.html#id2865309">Audio Interfaces</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s04.html">Experimental API Elements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch07s05.html">Obsolete API Elements</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="apa.html">A. Function Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re20.html">V4L2 close()</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Close a V4L2 device</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re21.html">V4L2 ioctl()</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Program a V4L2 device</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re22.html">ioctl VIDIOC_CROPCAP</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Information about the video cropping and scaling abilities</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re23.html">ioctl VIDIOC_DBG_G_CHIP_IDENT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Identify the chips on a TV card</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re24.html">ioctl VIDIOC_DBG_G_REGISTER, VIDIOC_DBG_S_REGISTER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Read or write hardware registers</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re25.html">ioctl VIDIOC_ENCODER_CMD, VIDIOC_TRY_ENCODER_CMD</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Execute an encoder command</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re26.html">ioctl VIDIOC_ENUMAUDIO</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Enumerate audio inputs</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re27.html">ioctl VIDIOC_ENUMAUDOUT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Enumerate audio outputs</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re28.html">ioctl VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Enumerate image formats</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re29.html">ioctl VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Enumerate frame sizes</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re30.html">ioctl VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Enumerate frame intervals</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re31.html">ioctl VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Enumerate video inputs</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re32.html">ioctl VIDIOC_ENUMOUTPUT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Enumerate video outputs</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re33.html">ioctl VIDIOC_ENUMSTD</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Enumerate supported video standards</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re34.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_AUDIO, VIDIOC_S_AUDIO</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Query or select the current audio input and its
attributes</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re35.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_AUDOUT, VIDIOC_S_AUDOUT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Query or select the current audio output</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re36.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_CROP, VIDIOC_S_CROP</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get or set the current cropping rectangle</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re37.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_CTRL, VIDIOC_S_CTRL</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get or set the value of a control</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re38.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_ENC_INDEX</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get meta data about a compressed video stream</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re39.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_EXT_CTRLS, VIDIOC_S_EXT_CTRLS,
VIDIOC_TRY_EXT_CTRLS</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get or set the value of several controls, try control
values</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re40.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_FBUF, VIDIOC_S_FBUF</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get or set frame buffer overlay parameters</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re41.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_FMT, VIDIOC_S_FMT,
VIDIOC_TRY_FMT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get or set the data format, try a format</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re42.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_FREQUENCY, VIDIOC_S_FREQUENCY</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get or set tuner or modulator radio
frequency</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re43.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_INPUT, VIDIOC_S_INPUT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Query or select the current video input</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re44.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_JPEGCOMP, VIDIOC_S_JPEGCOMP</a></span><span class="refpurpose"></span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re45.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_MODULATOR, VIDIOC_S_MODULATOR</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get or set modulator attributes</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re46.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_OUTPUT, VIDIOC_S_OUTPUT</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Query or select the current video output</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re47.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_PARM, VIDIOC_S_PARM</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get or set streaming parameters</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re48.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY, VIDIOC_S_PRIORITY</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Query or request the access priority associated with a
file descriptor</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re49.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_SLICED_VBI_CAP</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Query sliced VBI capabilities</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re50.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_STD, VIDIOC_S_STD</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Query or select the video standard of the current input</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re51.html">ioctl VIDIOC_G_TUNER, VIDIOC_S_TUNER</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Get or set tuner attributes</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re52.html">ioctl VIDIOC_LOG_STATUS</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Log driver status information</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re53.html">ioctl VIDIOC_OVERLAY</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Start or stop video overlay</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re54.html">ioctl VIDIOC_QBUF, VIDIOC_DQBUF</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Exchange a buffer with the driver</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re55.html">ioctl VIDIOC_QUERYBUF</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Query the status of a buffer</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re56.html">ioctl VIDIOC_QUERYCAP</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Query device capabilities</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re57.html">ioctl VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, VIDIOC_QUERYMENU</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Enumerate controls and menu control items</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re58.html">ioctl VIDIOC_QUERYSTD</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Sense the video standard received by the current
input</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re59.html">ioctl VIDIOC_REQBUFS</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Initiate Memory Mapping or User Pointer I/O</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re60.html">ioctl VIDIOC_S_HW_FREQ_SEEK</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Perform a hardware frequency seek</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re61.html">ioctl VIDIOC_STREAMON, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Start or stop streaming I/O</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re62.html">V4L2 mmap()</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Map device memory into application address space</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re63.html">V4L2 munmap()</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Unmap device memory</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re64.html">V4L2 open()</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Open a V4L2 device</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re65.html">V4L2 poll()</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Wait for some event on a file descriptor</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re66.html">V4L2 read()</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Read from a V4L2 device</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re67.html">V4L2 select()</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Synchronous I/O multiplexing</span></dt><dt><span class="refentrytitle"><a href="re68.html">V4L2 write()</a></span><span class="refpurpose"> — Write to a V4L2 device</span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="apb.html">B. Video For Linux Two Header File</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="apc.html">C. Video Capture Example</a></span></dt><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="apd.html">D. Video Grabber example using libv4l</a></span></dt><dt><span class="index"><a href="ix01.html">List of Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="bibliography"><a href="bi01.html">References</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="pt02.html">II. LINUX DVB API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch08.html">8. Introduction</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch08.html#requisites">What you need to know</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch08s02.html">History</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch08s03.html">Overview</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch08s04.html">Linux DVB Devices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch08s05.html">API include files</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch09.html">9. DVB Frontend API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_types">Frontend Data Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_type">frontend type</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_caps">frontend capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_info">frontend information</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_diseqc">diseqc master command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#id3027993">diseqc slave reply</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_diseqc_slave_reply">diseqc slave reply</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_sec_tone">SEC continuous tone</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_sec_burst">SEC tone burst</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_status">frontend status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_params">frontend parameters</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09.html#frontend_events">frontend events</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html">Frontend Function Calls</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_f_open">open()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_f_close">close()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_read_status">FE_READ_STATUS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_read_ber">FE_READ_BER</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_read_snr">FE_READ_SNR</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_read_signal_strength">FE_READ_SIGNAL_STRENGTH</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_read_ub">FE_READ_UNCORRECTED_BLOCKS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_set_fe">FE_SET_FRONTEND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_get_fe">FE_GET_FRONTEND</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_get_event">FE_GET_EVENT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_get_info">FE_GET_INFO</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_diseqc_reset_overload">FE_DISEQC_RESET_OVERLOAD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_diseqc_send_master_cmd">FE_DISEQC_SEND_MASTER_CMD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_diseqc_recv_slave_reply">FE_DISEQC_RECV_SLAVE_REPLY</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_diseqc_send_burst">FE_DISEQC_SEND_BURST</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_set_tone">FE_SET_TONE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#fe_set_voltage">FE_SET_VOLTAGE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s02.html#frontend_enable_high_lnb_volt">FE_ENABLE_HIGH_LNB_VOLTAGE</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s03.html">ISDB-T frontend</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s03.html#isdbt-parms">Parameters that are common with DVB-T and ATSC</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch09s03.html#isdbt-new-parms">ISDB-T only parameters</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch10.html">10. DVB Demux Device</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_types">Demux Data Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_output_t">dmx_output_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_input_t">dmx_input_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_pes_type_t">dmx_pes_type_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_event_t">dmx_event_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_scrambling_status_t">dmx_scrambling_status_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_filter">struct dmx_filter</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_sct_filter_params">struct dmx_sct_filter_params</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_pes_filter_params">struct dmx_pes_filter_params</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_event">struct dmx_event</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10.html#dmx_stc">struct dmx_stc</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html">Demux Function Calls</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_fopen">open()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_fclose">close()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_fread">read()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_fwrite">write()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_start">DMX_START</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_stop">DMX_STOP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_set_filter">DMX_SET_FILTER</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_set_pes_filter">DMX_SET_PES_FILTER</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dms_set_buffer_size">DMX_SET_BUFFER_SIZE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_get_event">DMX_GET_EVENT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch10s02.html#dmx_get_stc">DMX_GET_STC</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch11.html">11. DVB Video Device</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_types">Video Data Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_format_t">video_format_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_display_format_t">video_display_format_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_stream_source">video stream source</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_play_state">video play state</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_event">struct video_event</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_status">struct video_status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_still_picture">struct video_still_picture</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_caps">video capabilities</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_system">video system</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_highlight">struct video_highlight</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_spu">video SPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_spu_palette">video SPU palette</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_navi_pack">video NAVI pack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11.html#video_attributes">video attributes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html">Video Function Calls</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#video_fopen">open()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#video_fclose">close()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#video_fwrite">write()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3044992">VIDEO_STOP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3045184">VIDEO_PLAY</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3045326">VIDEO_FREEZE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3045473">VIDEO_CONTINUE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3045617">VIDEO_SELECT_SOURCE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3045781">VIDEO_SET_BLANK</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3045974">VIDEO_GET_STATUS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3046156">VIDEO_GET_EVENT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3046376">VIDEO_SET_DISPLAY_FORMAT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3046556">VIDEO_STILLPICTURE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3046738">VIDEO_FAST_FORWARD</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3046935">VIDEO_SLOWMOTION</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3047133">VIDEO_GET_CAPABILITIES</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3047297">VIDEO_SET_ID</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3047475">VIDEO_CLEAR_BUFFER</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3047598">VIDEO_SET_STREAMTYPE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3047761">VIDEO_SET_FORMAT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3047923">VIDEO_SET_SYSTEM</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3048086">VIDEO_SET_HIGHLIGHT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3048248">VIDEO_SET_SPU</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3048411">VIDEO_SET_SPU_PALETTE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3048574">VIDEO_GET_NAVI</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch11s02.html#id3048738">VIDEO_SET_ATTRIBUTES</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch12.html">12. DVB Audio Device</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12.html#audio_data_types">Audio Data Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12.html#audio_stream_source_t">audio_stream_source_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12.html#audio_play_state_t">audio_play_state_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12.html#audio_channel_select_t">audio_channel_select_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12.html#struct_audio_status">struct audio_status</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12.html#struct_audio_mixer">struct audio_mixer</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12.html#audio_encodings">audio encodings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12.html#struct_audio_karaoke">struct audio_karaoke</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12.html#audio_attributes">audio attributes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html">Audio Function Calls</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#audio_fopen">open()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#audio_fclose">close()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#audio_fwrite">write()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3054977">AUDIO_STOP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3055118">AUDIO_PLAY</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3055259">AUDIO_PAUSE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3055416">AUDIO_SELECT_SOURCE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3055598">AUDIO_SET_MUTE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3055805">AUDIO_SET_AV_SYNC</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3056013">AUDIO_SET_BYPASS_MODE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3056226">AUDIO_CHANNEL_SELECT</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3056405">AUDIO_GET_STATUS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3056585">AUDIO_GET_CAPABILITIES</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3056766">AUDIO_CLEAR_BUFFER</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3056908">AUDIO_SET_ID</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3057091">AUDIO_SET_MIXER</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3057270">AUDIO_SET_STREAMTYPE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3057431">AUDIO_SET_EXT_ID</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3057592">AUDIO_SET_ATTRIBUTES</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch12s02.html#id3057753">AUDIO_SET_KARAOKE</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch13.html">13. DVB CA Device</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13.html#ca_data_types">CA Data Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13.html#ca_slot_info_t">ca_slot_info_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13.html#ca_descr_info_t">ca_descr_info_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13.html#ca_cap_t">ca_cap_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13.html#ca_msg_t">ca_msg_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13.html#ca_descr_t">ca_descr_t</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13s02.html">CA Function Calls</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13s02.html#ca_fopen">open()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch13s02.html#ca_fclose">close()</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch14.html">14. DVB Network API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch14.html#dvb_net_types">DVB Net Data Types</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch15.html">15. Kernel Demux API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15.html#kernel_demux_data_types">Kernel Demux Data Types</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15.html#dmx_success_t">dmx_success_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15.html#ts_filter_types">TS filter types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15.html#dmx_ts_pes_t">dmx_ts_pes_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15.html#demux_demux_t">demux_demux_t</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15.html#demux_directory">Demux directory</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s02.html">Demux Directory API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s02.html#id3063474">dmx_register_demux()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s02.html#id3063622">dmx_unregister_demux()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s02.html#id3063772">dmx_get_demuxes()</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html">Demux API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#kdapi_fopen">open()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#kdapi_fclose">close()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#kdapi_fwrite">write()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3064428">allocate_ts_feed()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3064629">release_ts_feed()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3064772">allocate_section_feed()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3064978">release_section_feed()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3065122">descramble_mac_address()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3065366">descramble_section_payload()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3065647">add_frontend()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3065853">remove_frontend()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3066022">get_frontends()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3066144">connect_frontend()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s03.html#id3066321">disconnect_frontend()</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s04.html">Demux Callback API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s04.html#id3066484">dmx_ts_cb()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s04.html#id3066826">dmx_section_cb()</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s05.html">TS Feed API</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s05.html#id3067094">set()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s05.html#id3067356">start_filtering()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s05.html#id3067482">stop_filtering()</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s06.html">Section Feed API</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s07.html">set()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s08.html">allocate_filter()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s09.html">release_filter()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s10.html">start_filtering()</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch15s11.html">stop_filtering()</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch16.html">16. Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch16.html#tuning">Tuning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch16s02.html">The DVR device</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="part"><a href="pt03.html">III. Other API's used by media infrastructure drivers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="ch17.html">17. Remote Controllers</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch17.html#Remote_controllers_Intro">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ch17s02.html">Changing default Remote Controller mappings</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="ape.html">E. GNU Free Documentation License</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="ape.html#fdl-preamble">0. PREAMBLE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes02.html">1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes03.html">2. VERBATIM COPYING</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes04.html">3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes05.html">4. MODIFICATIONS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes06.html">5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes07.html">6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes08.html">7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes09.html">8. TRANSLATION</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes10.html">9. TERMINATION</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes11.html">10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="apes12.html">Addendum</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="list-of-figures"><p><b>List of Figures</b></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="ch01s11.html#crop-scale">Image Cropping, Insertion and Scaling</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="ch03s06.html#fieldseq-tb">Field Order, Top Field First Transmitted</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="ch03s06.html#fieldseq-bt">Field Order, Bottom Field First Transmitted</a></dt><dt>4.1. <a href="ch04s07.html#vbi-hsync">Line synchronization</a></dt><dt>4.2. <a href="ch04s07.html#vbi-525">ITU-R 525 line numbering (M/NTSC and M/PAL)</a></dt><dt>4.3. <a href="ch04s07.html#vbi-625">ITU-R 625 line numbering</a></dt><dt>8.1. <a href="ch08s03.html#stb_components">Components of a DVB card/STB</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-tables"><p><b>List of Tables</b></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="ch01s08.html#control-id">Control IDs</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="ch01s09.html#mpeg-control-id">MPEG Control IDs</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="ch01s09.html#cx2341x-control-id">CX2341x Control IDs</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="ch01s09.html#camera-control-id">Camera Control IDs</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="ch01s09.html#fm-tx-control-id">FM_TX Control IDs</a></dt><dt>2.1. <a href="ch02.html#v4l2-pix-format">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_pix_format</span></a></dt><dt>2.2. <a href="ch02s02.html#v4l2-colorspace">enum v4l2_colorspace</a></dt><dt>2.3. <a href="ch02s03.html#id2793074">Indexed Image Format</a></dt><dt>2.4. <a href="re01.html#rgb-formats">Packed RGB Image Formats</a></dt><dt>2.5. <a href="re01.html#rgb-formats-corrected">Packed RGB Image Formats (corrected)</a></dt><dt>2.6. <a href="re06.html#id2803595">Packed YUV Image Formats</a></dt><dt>2.7. <a href="ch02s06.html#compressed-formats">Compressed Image Formats</a></dt><dt>2.8. <a href="ch02s07.html#reserved-formats">Reserved Image Formats</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="ch03s05.html#v4l2-buffer">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_buffer</span></a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="ch03s05.html#v4l2-buf-type">enum v4l2_buf_type</a></dt><dt>3.3. <a href="ch03s05.html#buffer-flags">Buffer Flags</a></dt><dt>3.4. <a href="ch03s05.html#v4l2-memory">enum v4l2_memory</a></dt><dt>3.5. <a href="ch03s05.html#v4l2-timecode">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_timecode</span></a></dt><dt>3.6. <a href="ch03s05.html#timecode-type">Timecode Types</a></dt><dt>3.7. <a href="ch03s05.html#timecode-flags">Timecode Flags</a></dt><dt>3.8. <a href="ch03s06.html#v4l2-field">enum v4l2_field</a></dt><dt>4.1. <a href="ch04s02.html#v4l2-window">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_window</span></a></dt><dt>4.2. <a href="ch04s02.html#v4l2-clip">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_clip</span></a></dt><dt>4.3. <a href="ch04s02.html#v4l2-rect">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_rect</span></a></dt><dt>4.4. <a href="ch04s07.html#v4l2-vbi-format">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_vbi_format</span></a></dt><dt>4.5. <a href="ch04s07.html#vbifmt-flags">Raw VBI Format Flags</a></dt><dt>4.6. <a href="ch04s08.html#v4l2-sliced-vbi-format">struct
<span class="structname">v4l2_sliced_vbi_format</span></a></dt><dt>4.7. <a href="ch04s08.html#vbi-services2">Sliced VBI services</a></dt><dt>4.8. <a href="ch04s08.html#v4l2-sliced-vbi-data">struct
<span class="structname">v4l2_sliced_vbi_data</span></a></dt><dt>4.9. <a href="ch04s08.html#v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_mpeg_vbi_fmt_ivtv</span>
</a></dt><dt>4.10. <a href="ch04s08.html#v4l2-mpeg-vbi-fmt-ivtv-magic">Magic Constants for struct v4l2_mpeg_vbi_fmt_ivtv
<em class="structfield"><code>magic</code></em> field</a></dt><dt>4.11. <a href="ch04s08.html#v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0</span>
</a></dt><dt>4.12. <a href="ch04s08.html#v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-1">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_mpeg_vbi_ITV0</span>
</a></dt><dt>4.13. <a href="ch04s08.html#v4l2-mpeg-vbi-itv0-line">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</span>
</a></dt><dt>4.14. <a href="ch04s08.html#ITV0-Line-Identifier-Constants">Line Identifiers for struct <span class="structname">
v4l2_mpeg_vbi_itv0_line</span> <em class="structfield"><code>id
</code></em> field</a></dt><dt>4.15. <a href="ch04s11.html#v4l2-rds-data">struct
<span class="structname">v4l2_rds_data</span></a></dt><dt>4.16. <a href="ch04s11.html#v4l2-rds-block">Block description</a></dt><dt>4.17. <a href="ch04s11.html#v4l2-rds-block-codes">Block defines</a></dt><dt>7.1. <a href="ch07.html#v4l-dev">V4L Device Types, Names and Numbers</a></dt><dt>A.1. <a href="re22.html#v4l2-cropcap">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_cropcap</span></a></dt><dt>A.2. <a href="re22.html#v4l2-rect-crop">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_rect</span></a></dt><dt>A.3. <a href="re23.html#ident-v4l2-dbg-match">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_dbg_match</span></a></dt><dt>A.4. <a href="re23.html#v4l2-dbg-chip-ident">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_dbg_chip_ident</span></a></dt><dt>A.5. <a href="re23.html#ident-chip-match-types">Chip Match Types</a></dt><dt>A.6. <a href="re23.html#chip-ids">Chip Identifiers</a></dt><dt>A.7. <a href="re24.html#v4l2-dbg-match">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_dbg_match</span></a></dt><dt>A.8. <a href="re24.html#v4l2-dbg-register">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_dbg_register</span></a></dt><dt>A.9. <a href="re24.html#chip-match-types">Chip Match Types</a></dt><dt>A.10. <a href="re25.html#v4l2-encoder-cmd">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_encoder_cmd</span></a></dt><dt>A.11. <a href="re25.html#encoder-cmds">Encoder Commands</a></dt><dt>A.12. <a href="re25.html#encoder-flags">Encoder Command Flags</a></dt><dt>A.13. <a href="re28.html#v4l2-fmtdesc">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_fmtdesc</span></a></dt><dt>A.14. <a href="re28.html#fmtdesc-flags">Image Format Description Flags</a></dt><dt>A.15. <a href="re29.html#v4l2-frmsize-discrete">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_frmsize_discrete</span></a></dt><dt>A.16. <a href="re29.html#v4l2-frmsize-stepwise">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_frmsize_stepwise</span></a></dt><dt>A.17. <a href="re29.html#v4l2-frmsizeenum">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_frmsizeenum</span></a></dt><dt>A.18. <a href="re29.html#v4l2-frmsizetypes">enum <span class="structname">v4l2_frmsizetypes</span></a></dt><dt>A.19. <a href="re30.html#v4l2-frmival-stepwise">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_frmival_stepwise</span></a></dt><dt>A.20. <a href="re30.html#v4l2-frmivalenum">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_frmivalenum</span></a></dt><dt>A.21. <a href="re30.html#v4l2-frmivaltypes">enum <span class="structname">v4l2_frmivaltypes</span></a></dt><dt>A.22. <a href="re31.html#v4l2-input">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_input</span></a></dt><dt>A.23. <a href="re31.html#input-type">Input Types</a></dt><dt>A.24. <a href="re31.html#input-status">Input Status Flags</a></dt><dt>A.25. <a href="re32.html#v4l2-output">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_output</span></a></dt><dt>A.26. <a href="re32.html#output-type">Output Type</a></dt><dt>A.27. <a href="re33.html#v4l2-standard">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_standard</span></a></dt><dt>A.28. <a href="re33.html#v4l2-fract">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_fract</span></a></dt><dt>A.29. <a href="re33.html#v4l2-std-id">typedef <span class="structname">v4l2_std_id</span></a></dt><dt>A.30. <a href="re33.html#video-standards">Video Standards (based on [[<abbr class="abbrev">ITU BT.470</abbr>]])</a></dt><dt>A.31. <a href="re34.html#v4l2-audio">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_audio</span></a></dt><dt>A.32. <a href="re34.html#audio-capability">Audio Capability Flags</a></dt><dt>A.33. <a href="re34.html#audio-mode">Audio Mode Flags</a></dt><dt>A.34. <a href="re35.html#v4l2-audioout">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_audioout</span></a></dt><dt>A.35. <a href="re36.html#v4l2-crop">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_crop</span></a></dt><dt>A.36. <a href="re37.html#v4l2-control">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_control</span></a></dt><dt>A.37. <a href="re38.html#v4l2-enc-idx">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_enc_idx</span></a></dt><dt>A.38. <a href="re38.html#v4l2-enc-idx-entry">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_enc_idx_entry</span></a></dt><dt>A.39. <a href="re38.html#enc-idx-flags">Index Entry Flags</a></dt><dt>A.40. <a href="re39.html#v4l2-ext-control">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_ext_control</span></a></dt><dt>A.41. <a href="re39.html#v4l2-ext-controls">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_ext_controls</span></a></dt><dt>A.42. <a href="re39.html#ctrl-class">Control classes</a></dt><dt>A.43. <a href="re40.html#v4l2-framebuffer">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_framebuffer</span></a></dt><dt>A.44. <a href="re40.html#framebuffer-cap">Frame Buffer Capability Flags</a></dt><dt>A.45. <a href="re40.html#framebuffer-flags">Frame Buffer Flags</a></dt><dt>A.46. <a href="re41.html#v4l2-format">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_format</span></a></dt><dt>A.47. <a href="re42.html#v4l2-frequency">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_frequency</span></a></dt><dt>A.48. <a href="re44.html#v4l2-jpegcompression">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_jpegcompression</span></a></dt><dt>A.49. <a href="re44.html#jpeg-markers">JPEG Markers Flags</a></dt><dt>A.50. <a href="re45.html#v4l2-modulator">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_modulator</span></a></dt><dt>A.51. <a href="re45.html#modulator-txsubchans">Modulator Audio Transmission Flags</a></dt><dt>A.52. <a href="re47.html#v4l2-streamparm">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_streamparm</span></a></dt><dt>A.53. <a href="re47.html#v4l2-captureparm">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_captureparm</span></a></dt><dt>A.54. <a href="re47.html#v4l2-outputparm">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_outputparm</span></a></dt><dt>A.55. <a href="re47.html#parm-caps">Streaming Parameters Capabilites</a></dt><dt>A.56. <a href="re47.html#parm-flags">Capture Parameters Flags</a></dt><dt>A.57. <a href="re48.html#v4l2-priority">enum v4l2_priority</a></dt><dt>A.58. <a href="re49.html#v4l2-sliced-vbi-cap">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_sliced_vbi_cap</span></a></dt><dt>A.59. <a href="re49.html#vbi-services">Sliced VBI services</a></dt><dt>A.60. <a href="re51.html#v4l2-tuner">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_tuner</span></a></dt><dt>A.61. <a href="re51.html#v4l2-tuner-type">enum v4l2_tuner_type</a></dt><dt>A.62. <a href="re51.html#tuner-capability">Tuner and Modulator Capability Flags</a></dt><dt>A.63. <a href="re51.html#tuner-rxsubchans">Tuner Audio Reception Flags</a></dt><dt>A.64. <a href="re51.html#tuner-audmode">Tuner Audio Modes</a></dt><dt>A.65. <a href="re51.html#tuner-matrix">Tuner Audio Matrix</a></dt><dt>A.66. <a href="re56.html#v4l2-capability">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_capability</span></a></dt><dt>A.67. <a href="re56.html#device-capabilities">Device Capabilities Flags</a></dt><dt>A.68. <a href="re57.html#v4l2-queryctrl">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_queryctrl</span></a></dt><dt>A.69. <a href="re57.html#v4l2-querymenu">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_querymenu</span></a></dt><dt>A.70. <a href="re57.html#v4l2-ctrl-type">enum v4l2_ctrl_type</a></dt><dt>A.71. <a href="re57.html#control-flags">Control Flags</a></dt><dt>A.72. <a href="re59.html#v4l2-requestbuffers">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_requestbuffers</span></a></dt><dt>A.73. <a href="re60.html#v4l2-hw-freq-seek">struct <span class="structname">v4l2_hw_freq_seek</span></a></dt><dt>17.1. <a href="ch17.html#rc_standard_keymap">IR default keymapping</a></dt><dt>17.2. <a href="ch17.html#rc_keymap_notes">Notes</a></dt></dl></div><div class="list-of-examples"><p><b>List of Examples</b></p><dl><dt>1.1. <a href="ch01s04.html#id2767399">Information about the current video input</a></dt><dt>1.2. <a href="ch01s04.html#id2767466">Switching to the first video input</a></dt><dt>1.3. <a href="ch01s05.html#id2767697">Information about the current audio input</a></dt><dt>1.4. <a href="ch01s05.html#id2767722">Switching to the first audio input</a></dt><dt>1.5. <a href="ch01s07.html#id2768300">Information about the current video standard</a></dt><dt>1.6. <a href="ch01s07.html#id2768318">Listing the video standards supported by the current
input</a></dt><dt>1.7. <a href="ch01s07.html#id2768434">Selecting a new video standard</a></dt><dt>1.8. <a href="ch01s08.html#id2770007">Enumerating all controls</a></dt><dt>1.9. <a href="ch01s08.html#id2770106">Changing controls</a></dt><dt>1.10. <a href="ch01s11.html#id2781444">Resetting the cropping parameters</a></dt><dt>1.11. <a href="ch01s11.html#id2781509">Simple downscaling</a></dt><dt>1.12. <a href="ch01s11.html#id2781564">Selecting an output area</a></dt><dt>1.13. <a href="ch01s11.html#id2781615">Current scaling factor and pixel aspect</a></dt><dt>2.1. <a href="ch02s02.html#id2792047">ITU-R Rec. BT.601 color conversion</a></dt><dt>2.2. <a href="re01.html#id2795818"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_BGR24</code> 4 × 4 pixel
image</a></dt><dt>2.3. <a href="re02.html#id2801830"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR8</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.4. <a href="re03.html#id2802075"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG8</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.5. <a href="re04.html#id2802328"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG8</code> 4 ×
4 pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.6. <a href="re05.html#id2802841"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR16</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.7. <a href="re07.html#id2806101"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_GREY</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.8. <a href="re08.html#id2806335"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y16</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.9. <a href="re09.html#id2806912"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.10. <a href="re10.html#id2807700"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.11. <a href="re11.html#id2808628"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.12. <a href="re12.html#id2809546"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_VYUY</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.13. <a href="re13.html#id2810482"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_Y41P</code> 8 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.14. <a href="re14.html#id2812791"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.15. <a href="re15.html#id2813804"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU410</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.16. <a href="re16.html#id2813728"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV422P</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.17. <a href="re17.html#id2815755"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV411P</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.18. <a href="re18.html#id2816768"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>2.19. <a href="re19.html#id2817776"><code class="constant">V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV16</code> 4 × 4
pixel image</a></dt><dt>3.1. <a href="ch03s02.html#id2835084">Mapping buffers</a></dt><dt>3.2. <a href="ch03s03.html#id2835734">Initiating streaming I/O with user pointers</a></dt><dt>4.1. <a href="ch04s04.html#id2845830">Finding a framebuffer device for OSD</a></dt></dl></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="pr01.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top"> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Introduction</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
